32. Mengenali bentuk-bentuk bagi 'tense'

Mengenali bentuk-bentuk bagi 'tense'

Terdapat pelbagai 'mode/form' (bentuk) bagi satu-satu 'tense' iaitu :

1. Bentuk 'Active' (aktif).
2. Bentuk 'Negative' (negatif).
3. Bentuk 'Passive' (pasif).
4. Bentuk 'Passive + Negative' (pasif dan negatif).
5. Bentuk 'Question' (soalan) bagi bentuk 'Aktif'.
6. Bentuk 'Question' (soalan) bagi bentuk 'Negatif'.
7. Bentuk 'Question' (soalan) bagi bentuk 'Pasif'.
8. Bentuk 'Question' (soalan) bagi bentuk 'Negatif' bagi 'Pasif'.
9. Bentuk arahan/suruhan.
10.Bentuk permintaan.

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1. Bentuk Aktif ('Active')

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example)	Melayu (Contoh)
Aktif	Present tense	I talk to students in the class	Saya bercakap dengan para pelajar semasa dalam darjah
Aktif	Present Continuous tense	I am talking to students	Saya sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar
Aktif	Present Perfect tense	I have talked to students regarding this matter	Saya sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar berkenaan hal ini
Aktif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	I have been talking to students since one hour ago	Saya sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar sejak sejam lalu
Aktif	Past tense	I talked to students	Saya telah bercakap kepada para pelajar
Aktif	Past Continuous tense	I was talking to students at 5 pm yesterday	Saya (telah) sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar pada jam 5 petang semalam
Aktif	Past Perfect tense	I had talked to students	Saya ada (sudah) bercakap dengan para pelajar
Aktif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	I had been talking to students from 2 to 3 pm yesterday	Saya (sedang) sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar dari jam 2 hingga 3 petang semalam
Aktif	Future tense	I will talk to students	Saya akan bercakap dengan para pelajar
Aktif	Future Continuous tense	I will be talking to students at 2 pm tomorrow	Saya akan (sedang) bercakap dengan para pelajar pada jam 2 petang esok
Aktif	Future Perfect tense	I will have talked to students dari jam 2 hingga 4 petang esok	Saya akan sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar dari jam 2 hingga 4 petang esok
Aktif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	I will have been talking to students	Saya akan sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar

2. Bentuk Negatif ('Negative')

Dalam bahasa Inggeris, bentuk 'negative' biasanya mengandungi perkataan 'not'. Dalam bahasa Melayu, biasanya bentuk 'negatif' bermakna 'tidak' atau 'bukan'. Perkataan 'tidak' atau 'bukan' melambangkan 'negatif'.

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example)	Melayu (Contoh)
Negatif	Present tense	I don't talk to students	Saya tidak bercakap-cakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Present Continuous tense	I am not talking to students	Saya tidak/bukan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Present Perfect tense	I have not talked to students	Saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar/ Saya tidak ada bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	I have not been talking to students	Saya belum/tidak ada bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Past tense	I did not talk to students	Saya tidak bercakap dengan pelajar/ Saya tidak ada bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Past Continuous tense	I was not talking to students	Saya tidak sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Past Perfect tense	I had not talked to students	Saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	I had not been talking to students	Saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Future tense	I will not talk to students	Saya tidak akan cakap pada para pelajar
Negatif	Future Continuous tense	I will not be talking to students	Saya tidak akan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar
Negatif	Future Perfect tense	I will not have talked to students	Saya tidak akan sudah bercakap pada para pelajar
Negatif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	I will not have been talking to students	Saya tidak akan sudah (sedang) bercakap dengan para pelajar

3. Bentuk Pasif ('Passive')

Dalam bahasa Melayu, biasanya bentuk 'pasif' bermakna 'di...'. Perkataan 'di...' melambangkan 'pasif' (kena buat). Contohnya 'dimakan'.

Biasanya, 'tense' bentuk 'pasif' adalah 'perbuatan kena buat' dalam bahasa Melayu, iaitu bermakna 'di' atau 'kena'.

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example)	Melayu (Contoh)
Pasif	Present tense	It is eaten by man	Ia dimakan oleh manusia
Pasif	Present Continuous tense	The students are being briefed by him	Para pelajar itu sedang diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Present Perfect tense	The students have been briefed by him	Para pelajar sudah diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	The students have been being briefed by him	Para pelajar diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Past tense	The students were briefed by him	Para pelajar itu telah diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Past Continuous tense	The students were being talked by him	Para pelajar itu telah sedang diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Past Perfect tense	The students had been briefed by him	Para pelajar itu sudah diberi ceramah pendek olehnya
Pasif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	The students had been being briefed by him	Para pelajar sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif	Future tense	The students will be briefed by him	Para pelajar akan diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif	Future Continuous tense	The students will be being briefed by him	Para pelajar akan sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif	Future Perfect tense	The students will have been briefed by him	Para pelajar akan sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	The students will have been being briefed by him	Para pelajar akan sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya

4. Bentuk Pasif ('Passive') dan Negatif ('Negative')

Dalam bahasa Inggeris, bentuk 'negatif' sesuatu ayat biasanya bila mengandungi perkataan 'not', dan bentuk 'pasif' sesuatu ayat bila ia mengandungi perkataan 'past participle' tertentu. Dalam bahasa Melayu, biasanya bentuk 'Pasif + Negatif' bermakna 'tidak di...' atau 'bukan di...'. Perkataan 'tidak' atau 'bukan' melambangkan 'Negatif' dan perkataan 'di...' melambangkan 'pasif' (kena buat).

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example)	Melayu (Contoh)
Pasif	Present tense	it doesn't eaten by men	ia tidak dimakan oleh manusia
Pasif & negatif	Present Continuous tense	The students are not being briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Present Perfect tense	The students have not been briefed by him	Para pelajar belum diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	The students have not been being briefed by him	Para pelajar belum diberi taklimat ringkas oleh beliau
Pasif & negatif	Past tense	The students were not briefed by him	Para pelajar telah tidak diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Past Continuous tense	The students were not being briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Past Perfect tense	The students had not been briefed by him	Para pelajar belum diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	The students had not been being briefed by him	Para pelajar belum ada diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Future tense	The students will not be briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak akan diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Future Continuous tense	The students will not be being briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak akan sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Future Perfect tense	The students will not have been briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak akan sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya
Pasif & negatif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	The students will not have been being briefed by him	Para pelajar tidak akan sedang sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya

5. Bentuk 'Question' (Soalan) bagi bentuk 'Aktif'

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example - 'active')	Melayu (Contoh - Aktif	Melayu (Contoh Soalan)
Soalan : Aktif	Present tense	I talk to students	Do I talk to students ?	Adakah saya bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Present Continuous tense	I am talking to students	am I talking to students ?	Adakah saya sedang bercakap dengan lara pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Present Perfect tense	I have talked to students	Have I talked to students ?	Adakah saya sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	I have been talking to students	Have I been talking to students ?	Adakah saya sedang sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Past tense	I talked to students	Did I talk to students ?	Adakah saya telah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Past Continuous tense	I was talking to students	Was I talking to students ?	Adakah saya sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Past Perfect tense	I had talked to students	Had I talked to students ?	Adakah saya sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	I had been talking to students	Had I been talking to students ?	Adakah saya sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Future tense	I will talk to students	Will I talk to students ?	Adakah saya akan bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Future Continuous tense	I will be talking to students	Will I be talking to students ?	Adakah saya akan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Future Perfect tense	I will have talked to students	Will I have talked to students ?	Adakah saya akan sudah bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Aktif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	I will have been talking to students	Will I have been talking to students ?	Adakah saya akan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?

6. Bentuk 'Question' (Soalan) bagi bentuk 'Negatif'

Bentuk	Tense	English (Example - Negative)	Melayu (Contoh - Negative)	Melayu (Contoh Soalan)
Soalan : Negatif	Present tense	I don't talk to students	Don't I talk to students ?	Adakah saya tidak bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Present Continuous tense	I am not talking to students	Am not I talking to students ?	Adakah saya tidak sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Present Perfect tense	I have not talked to students	Have not I talked to students ?	Adakah saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	I have not been talking to students	Have not I been talking to students ?	Adakah saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Past tense	I did not talk to students	Did not I talk to students ?	Adakah saya tidak bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Past Continuous tense	I was not talking to students	Was not I talking to students ?	Adakah saya tidak sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Past Perfect tense	I had not talked to students	Had not I talked to students ?	Adakah saya belum bercakap dengan pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	I had not been talking to students	Had not I been talking to students ?	Adakah saya belum bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Future tense	I will not talk to students	Will not I talk to students ?	Adakah saya tidak akan bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Future Continuous tense	I will not be talking to students	Will not I be talking to students ?	Adakah saya tidak akan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Future Perfect tense	I will not have talked to students	Will not I have talked to students ?	Adakah saya tidak akan belum bercakap dengan para pelajar ?
Soalan : Negatif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	I will not have been talking to students	Will not I have been talking to students ?	Adakah saya tidak akan sedang bercakap dengan para pelajar ?

7. Bentuk 'Question' (Soalan) bagi bentuk 'Pasif'

Bentuk	'Tense'	English (Example - Passive)	Melayu (Contoh - Pasif)	Melayu (Contoh Soalan)
Soalan : Pasif	Present tense	It does eaten by men	Does it eaten by men ?	Adakah ia dimakan oleh manusia ?
Soalan : Pasif	Present Continuous tense	The students are being briefed	Are the students being briefed ?	Adakah para pelajar itu sedang diberi taklimat ringkas ?
Soalan : Pasif	Present Perfect tense	The students have been briefed	Have the students been briefed ?	Adakah para pelajar sudah diberi taklimat ringkas ?
Soalan : Pasif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	The students have been being briefed by him	Have the students been being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Past tense	The students were briefed by him	Were the students briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar telah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Past Continuous tense	The students were being talked by him	Were the students being talked by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu telah sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Past Perfect tense	The students had been briefed by him	Had the students been briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	The students had been being briefed by him	Had the students been being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu sudah sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Future tense	The students will be briefed by him	Will the students be briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu akan diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Future Continuous tense	The students will be being briefed by him	Will the students be being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu akan sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Future Perfect tense	The students will have been briefed by him	Will the students have been briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu akan sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Pasif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	The students will have been being briefed by him	Will the students have been being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu akan sudah diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?

8. Bentuk 'Question' (Soalan) bagi bentuk 'Negatif' dan 'Pasif'

Bentuk	Tense	English (Example - Negative + Passive)	Melayu (Contoh Soalan	Melayu (Contoh Soalan)
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Present tense	It doesn't eaten by men	Does not it eaten by men ?	Adakah ia tidak dimakan oleh manusia ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Present Continuous tense	The students are not being briefed by him	Are not the students being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu tidak sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Present Perfect tense	The students have not been briefed by him	Have not the students been briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu belum diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Present Perfect Continuous tense	The students have not been being talked by him	Have not the students been being talked by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu belum dicakapi olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Past tense	The students were not briefed by him	Were not the students briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu tidak diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Past Continuous tense	The students were not being talked by him	Were not the students being talked by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu tidak sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Past Perfect tense	The students had not been briefed by him	Had not the students been briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu belum diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Past Perfect Continuous tense	The students had not been being briefed by him	Had not the students been being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu belum sedang diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soakan : Negatif Pasif	Future tense	The students will not be briefed by him	Will not the students be briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar itu tidak akan diberi taklimat ringkas olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Future Continuous tense	The students will not be being briefed by him	Will not the students be being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar tidak akan sedang diberi taklimat pendek plehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Future Perfect tense	The students will not have been briefed by him	Will not the students have been briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar tidak akan sudah diberi taklimat pendek olehnya ?
Soalan : Negatif Pasif	Future Perfect Continuous tense	The students will not have been being briefed by him	Will not the students have been being briefed by him ?	Adakah para pelajar tidak akan sedang diberi taklimat pendek olehnya ?

9. Bentuk arahan/permintaan (yang ringkas)

Bentuk	Tense	English (Example)	Melayu (contoh)
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Tell me	Beritahu saya
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Read to me	Bacakan kepada saya
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Speak louder	Cakap lebih kuat
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Run slowly	Lari dengan perlahan
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Put more speed	Laju lagi

Bentuk arahan/permintaan (lebih bersopan)

Bentuk	Tense	English (Example)	Melayu (contoh)
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Please tell me	Tolong beritahu saya
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Read to me, please	Tolong bacakan kepada saya
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Speak louder, please	Tolong bercakap lebih kuat
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Please run slowly	Tolong lari dengan perlahan
Arahan	(Tidak berkenaan)	Please put more speed	Tolong laju lagi

Catitan :

1. Dalam bentuk arahan, hanya 'infinitive' digunakan.
2. Dalam bentuk arahan yang lebih sopan, perkataan 'please' (tolong) digunakan.

3. Kadang-kadang perkataan 'please' diletak di depan ayat, kadang-kadang di belakang ayat.

4. Bagi tiap-tiap bentuk, terdapat pelbagai struktur-struktur yang digunakan.

Selepas ini kita akan mengenal beberapa struktur berkenaan.