152. Pelbagai penggunaan 'on'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'on'

Perkataan Inggeris 'on' adalah juga salah satu 'preposition'.

Perkataan Inggeris 'on' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan makna dalam bahasa Melayu :

1. 'On' boleh bermakna di atas.
2. 'On' boleh bermakna atas.
3. 'On' boleh bermakna pada.
4. 'On' boleh bermakna sedang.
5. 'On' boleh bermakna semasa.
6. 'On' boleh bermakna tepat.
7. 'On' boleh bermakna ber....
8. 'On' boleh bermakna terus, teruskan.
9. 'On' boleh bermakna nanti, nanti dulu.
10.'On' boleh bermakna tentang, mengenai, berkenaan.
11.'On' boleh bermakna ...nya.
12.'On' boleh bermakna di....
13.'On' boleh bermakna dengan.
14.'On' boleh bermakna keatas.
15.'On' boleh bermakna hidupkan.
16.'On' boleh bermakna pakai.
17.'On' boleh bermakna masih.
18.Lain-lain makna.

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1. 'On' boleh bermakna di atas

English	Melayu
On the floor	Di atas lantai
She sits on the chair	Dia duduk di atas kerusi
He sat on the bench	Dia duduk di atas bangku
On your mark	Di atas garisan
Tom lay on his back	Tom baring di atas belakangnya
What is on the desk	Apa yang ada di atas meja
He lay down on the bed	Dia baring di atas katil
Could I sit on the aisle ?	Bolehkah saya duduk di atas 'aisle' ?
Lie on your right side	Baring di atas sebelah kanan awak
The boy sat on a chair	Budak itu duduk di atas kerusi
Oil will float on water	Minyak akan terapung di atas air
Lie down on your left side	Baring di atas sebelah kiri awak
I see a bird on the roof	Saya nampak seekor burung di atas bumbung
Don't step on the broken glass	Jangan pijak di atas pecahan gelas
Can I carry this on the plane ?	Bolekah saya bawa ini di atas kapalterbang ?

Catitan :

- 'On' boleh bermakna 'diatas' dan bersentuhan. 'Over' juga bermakna 'diatas' tapi tidak bersentuhan.

2. 'On' boleh bermakna atas

English	Melayu
On his request	Atas permintaannya
Available on demand	Boleh didapati atas permintaan
I agree with him on that point	Saya setuju dengan dia atas pendapat itu
I agree with you on this point	Saya setuju dengan awak atas pendapat ini
They acted on the information	Mereka bertindak atas laporan

3. 'On' boleh bermakna pada

English	Melayu
On Saturday	Pada hari sabtu
Please focus on the topic	Sila beri tumpuan pada tajuk
Don't tell lie on me	Jangan berbohong pada saya
He held on firmly to the branch	Dia berpaut kuat pada ranting
We play on Sunday	Kami main pada hari Ahad
I'm free on Sunday	Saya lapang pada hari ahad
Let's meet on Sunday	Mari berjumpa pada hari ahad
Depends on parents	Bergantung pada ibu bapa

4. 'On' boleh bermakna sedang

English	Melayu
On sale	Sedang dijual
I'm on a diet	Saya sedang berdiet
She is on a diet	Dia sedang berdiet
What is going on	Apa yang sedang berlaku

5. 'On' boleh bermakna semasa

English	Melayu
On his return	Semasa kepulangannya
On the move	Semasa bergerak
On arrival	Semasa ketibaan

6. 'On' boleh bermakna tepat

English	Melayu
On the dot	Tepat
Spot on	Betul dan tepat
On time	Tepat pada masanya

7. 'On' boleh bermakna ber...

English	Melayu
On foot	Berjalan kaki
He walks to school on foot	Dia pergi ke sekolah berjalan kaki

8. 'On' boleh bermakna terus, teruskan

English	Melayu
carry on	teruskan
I went on reading	Saya teruskan membaca
I will go on ahead	Saya akan terus di hadapan
She kept on crying	Dia terus menangis
She kept on talking	Dia terus bercakap
She kept on working	Dia terus berkerja
She went on working	Dia terus berkerja

9. 'On' boleh bermakna nanti, nanti dulu

English	Melayu
Hold on	Tahan dulu. Nanti dulu

10. 'On' boleh bermakna tentang, mengenai, berkenaan

English	Melayu
On being a teacher	Tentang sebagai seorang guru
Forum on teenager	Forum tentang remaja
She advised him on that matter	Saya beri nasihat kepadanya berkenaan perkara itu
On being a scientist	Tentang sebagai seorang saintis

11. 'On' boleh bermakna ...nya

English	Melayu
Later on	Kemudiannya

12. 'On' boleh bermakna di...

English	Melayu
On the internet	Di internet
See the footnote on page 5	Lihat nota kaki di mukasurat 5
She met him on the beach	Saya jumpa dia di pantai
On the media	Di media
Britain on film	Britain di filem

13. 'On' boleh bermakna dengan

English	Melayu
On purpose	Dengan sengaja
She did it on purpose	Dia melakukannya dengan sengaja

14. 'On' boleh bermakna keatas, terhadap

English	Melayu
He was a great influence on me	Dia mempunyai pengaruh besar keatas saya
Violence on women	Keganasan keatas/terhadap wanita

15. 'On' boleh bermakna hidupkan

English	Melayu
Turn on the radio	Hidupkan radio
Don't leave the TV on	Jangan tinggalkan tv hidup
Can I turn on the TV ?	Bolehkah saya hidupkan tv ?

16. 'On' boleh bermakna pakai

English	Melayu
Put your hat on	Pakai topi awak
Slip on your shoes	Pakai kasut anda

17. 'On' boleh bermakna masih

English	Melayu
On progress	Masih berjalan

18. Lain-lain makna

English	Melayu
On the other hand	Selain itu. Selain dari itu

Catitan :

- Perbezaan antara 'on' dan 'over' : Kedua-duanya bermakna 'diatas' tetapi 'on' adalah bagi benda yang bersentuhan, manakala 'over' adalah bagi benda yang tidak bersentuhan.

153. Senarai beberapa penggunaan 'on'

Beberapa penggunaan 'on'

Berikut ialah beberapa penggunaan perkataan Inggeris 'on'.

English	Melayu
It's on me	Saya yang bayar
This drink is on the house owner	Minuman ini dibelanja oleh tuan rumah
The light is on	Lampu itu terpasang
Get on the horse	Tunggang kuda itu
We depend on you	Kita bergantung pada awak
He can be relied on	Dia boleh dipergantung harap
You can rely on her	Awak boleh bergantung pada dia
He can be counted on	Dia boleh dipercayai
You can count on her	Awak boleh percaya pada dia
I count on Tom	Saya percaya pada Tom
I worked on a farm	Saya telah berkerja dengan satu ladang
Try on this sweater	Cubalah baju panas ini
Can I try on this jacket ?	Boleh saya cuba jaket ini ?
We traveled on foot	Kami bergerak dengan berjalan kaki
He is now on his own	Dia sekarang bersendirian
I hit on a good idea	Saya terketuk satu idea yang bagus
I met Tom on the way	Saya berjumpa Tom semasa dalam perjalanan
I put on my trousers	Saya pakai seluar saya
I'm depending on you	Saya bergantung pada awak
She took pity on him	Dia rasa kasihan pada dia
Let's begin on page 30	Mari mula pada mukasurat 40
A dog bit her on the leg	Seekor anjing gigit dia pada kakinya
Are you on Facebook ?	Adakah awak di Facebook ?
She kissed him on the cheek	Dia menciumnya di pipi
Have you ever been on TV ?	Pernahkah awak muncul di tv ?
She's gone on a trip	Dia telah pergi mengikut satu trip
The house is on fire	Rumah itu terbakar
Tom is never on time	Tom tidak pernah menepati masa
The train got in on time	Keretapi itu datang tepat pada masanya
He hit me on the head	Dia pukul saya di kepala
Don't look down on others	Jangan pandang rendah pada orang lain
I asked her out on a date	Saya minta dia keluar pada satu tarikh
It depends on the context	Ia bergantung pada konteksnya
Look at the notes on page 10	Lihat pada nota di mukasurat 10
He's away on business	Dia keluar atas urusan perniagaan
I acted on his advice	Saya telah bertindak atas nasihatnya
I'd bet my life on it	Saya serahkan hidup saya diatas hal itu
This is based on fact	Ini berdasarkan fakta
We're on our way home	Kami dalam perjalanan ke rumah
What is on Channel 10 ?	Apa ada di saluran 10 ?
Come on! We'll be late	Jomlah. Nanti kita lambat.
He jumped on the train	Dia melompat diatas keretapi
I got on the wrong bus	Saya dapat bas yang salah
I turned on the lights	Saya hidupkan lampu
They agreed on a price	Mereka bersetuju dengan satu harga
Don't take it out on me	Jangan balas keatas saya
He lives on this street	Dia tinggal diatas jalan ini
I'd better be on my way	Lebih baik saya bergerak
They will agree on that	Mereka akan bersetuju tentang perksra itu
Come on any day you like	Datanglah pada mana-mana hari yang awak suka
Do you have a pen on you ?	Adakah awak ada pen pada awak ?
I got on the wrong train	Saya naik keretapi yang salah
I like to ride on trains	Saya suka naik keretapi
The workers are on strike	Para pekerja sedang mogok
Turn on the light, please	Hidupkan lampu, tolong
We'd better get a move on	Lebih baik kita teruskan
Write on every other line	Tulis berselang seli baris
You're on the right track	Awak berada pada landasan yang betul
His joy showed on his face	Kegembiraannya tergambar pada wajahnya
I live on the bottom floor	Saya tinggal di tingkat bawah
I was born on June 4, 1974	Saya lahir pada 4 jun 1974
You are wanted on the phone	Awak dikehendaki di telefon
Did you do this on your own ?	Adakah awak buat ini sendiri ?
Do you go to school on foot ?	Adakah awak pergi ke sekolah berjalan kaki ?
I accompanied her on a walk	Saya menemani dia berjalan-jalan
I've put on weight recently	Saya sudah bertambah berat akhir-akhir ini
She called him on the phone	Saya panggil dia menggunakan telefon
She decided on the red coat	Dia mengambil keputusan pada kot merah
You can't count on his help	Awak tak boleh berharap pada pertolongannya
He hit his head on the shelf	Dia terantuk kepalanya pada shelf itu
I want something to write on	Saya mahukan sesuatu untuk ditulis
Please go on with your story	Teruskan dengan kisah anda
This car runs on natural gas	Kereta ini menggunakan gas asli
Tom concentrated on his work	Tom menumpukan perhatian pada kerjanya
He hung a picture on the wall	Dia menggantung sekeping gambar pada dinding
He knocked on the closed door	Dia mengetuk pada pintu yang tertutup
How long does it take on foot ?	Berapa lama ia mengambil masa jika berjalan kaki ?
I was out of town on vacation	Saya berada di luarbandar bercuti
Streetcars run on electricity	Kereta jalanan menggunakan ekektrik
The train arrived on schedule	Keretapi sampai mengikut jadual
When the bus came, she got on	Bila bas datang, mereka naik
Where did you get on this bus ?	Dimana awak naik bas ini ?
Your collar has a stain on it	Kolar anda ada kotoran di atasnya
He dropped in on me last night	Ia singgah kerana saya malam tadi
He had decided on a new policy	Dia telah menganbil keputusan pada dasar baru itu
He had his socks on inside out	Dia pakai stokin dalam di luar
He is acting on his own behalf	Dia bertindak bagi pihaknya sendiri
He is the richest man on earth	Dia orang paling kaya di atas bumi
He set out on a lonely journey	Dia bersiap untuk perjalanan berseorangan
I accompanied her on the piano	Saya menemani dia bermain piano
I often talk to him on the bus	Saya selaku bercakap dengan dia dalam bas
She held on to my hand tightly	Dia pegang erat tangan saya
She kissed him on the forehead	Dia ciumnya di dahi
She sat next to him on the bus	Dia duduk di sebelah dia di dalam bas
We skipped his turn on purpose	Kami tinggalkan giliran dia dengan sengaja
We've really got to step on it	Kita terpaksa melaluinya
Do you have school on Saturdays ?	Adakah awak bersekolah pada hari-hari Sabtu ?
I am on speaking terms with Tom	Saya tidak bergaduh dengan Tom

154. Pelbagai penggunaan 'as'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'as'

Perkataan Inggeris 'as' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan makna.

1. 'As...as' boleh bermakna sama.
2. 'As' boleh bermakna sebagai.
3. 'As' boleh bermakna seperti.
4. 'As' boleh bermakna dengan.
5. 'As' boleh bermakna sambil.
6. 'As' boleh bermakna semasa.
7. 'As' boleh bermakna apabila.
8. 'As' boleh bermakna kerana.
9. 'As' boleh bermakna seberapa.
10.'As well as' bermakna sebaik.
11.'As soon as' bermakna sebaik saja.
12.'As a result' bermakna akibatnya, hasilnya.
13.'As it is' bermakna seadanya.
14.'As if' bermakna seolah-olah.
15.'As well' boleh bermakna juga.
16.'As well as' boleh bermakna dan, serta.
17.'As a matter of fact' bermakna berdasarkan fakta, berasaskan fakta.
18.Lain-lain.

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1. 'As...as' boleh bermakna sama.

English	Melayu
I'm as tall as Tom	Saya sama tinggi dengan Tom
She's as busy as Tom	Dia sama sibuk macam Tom
He runs as fast as you	Dia berlari sama pantas dengan awak
He's about the same age as you	Dia lebihkurang sama umur dengan kamu
She has the same bag as you have	Dia mempunyai beg yang sama dengan yang awak ada
Jane gave me the same present as Wendy did	Jane telah beri saya hadiah yang sama seperti Wendy telah beri

2. 'As' boleh bermakna sebagai.

English	Melayu
He acted as my guide	Dia bertindak sebagai pemandu arah saya
She acted as a guide	Dia bertindak sebagai seorang pemandu arah
A career as a race car driver	Satu karier sebagai pemandu kereta lumba
As a father ...	Sebagai seorang ayah ...
This was meant as a joke	Ini dimaksudkan sebagai satu gurauan
He used me as a guinea pig	Dia gunakan saya sebagai alasan
I regarded Tom as a friend	Saya anggap Tom sebagai kawan
She disguised herself as Ali	Dia menyamar dirinya sebagai Ali
She's well known as a singer	Dia dikenali ramai sebagai seorang penyanyi
She hired him as a programmer	Dia mengambilnya sebagai seorang juruprogram
She hired him as an interpreter	Dia mengambilnya sebagai jurubahasa
He entered the bank disguised as a guard	Dia memasuki bank dengan menyamar sebagai pengawal
They regarded him as the best doctor in town	Mereka menganggap dia sebagai doktor terbaik di bandar
400 million people speak English as their first language	400 juta manusia bercakap Inggeris sebagai bahasa utama mereka

3. 'As' boleh bermakna seperti.

English	Melayu
Do as he tells you	Buatlah seperti yang dia beritahu awak
Please do as you were told	Tolong buat seperti yang awak diberitahu
As above	Seperti diatas
As below	Seperti dibawah
Such as	Seperti, contohnya
As follows	Seperti berikut
Let him do as he likes	Biarlah dia buat seperti yang dia suka
It was just as I thought	Ia seperti yang saya fikirkan
They addressed me as doctor	Mereka menghormati saya seperti doktor
He has the same camera as I have	Dia mempunyai kamera yang sama seperti yang saya ada
She's as good a cook as her mother	Dia tukang masak yang bagus seperti emaknya
He works as hard as any other student	Dia berusaha keras seperti pelajar lain
She greeted him cheerfully as she always did	Dia menyambutnya dengan gembira seperti dia selalu buat
I've made the same mistakes as I made last time	Saya sudah melakukan kesalahan yang sama seperti yang saya buat tahun lepas
Let's leave things as they are	Biarkan benda-benda seperti seadanya
Things didn't turn out as he'd hoped	Hal tidak jadi seperti yang dia harapkan
The ancient Greeks knew as much about the solar system as we do	Orang Greek dahulu tahu tentang sistem matahari seperti kita

4. 'As' boleh bermakna dengan.

English	Melayu
As the important day come nearer ...	Dengan hari yang penting itu semakin dekat ...

5. 'As' boleh bermakna sambil

English	Melayu
We sang as we walked	Kami bernyanyi sambil berjalan
He listened to the radio as he fed his cat	Dia mendengar radio sambil memberi makan kucingnya
As we ate our meal, we talked	Sambil makan makanan kami, kami berbual-bual

6. 'As' boleh bermakna semasa

English	Melayu
He nodded to me as he passed	Dia mengangguk pada saya semasa dia lalu
As a child, Bob lived in Boston	Semasa budak-budak, Bob tinggal di Boston
He bowed to me as he left the room	Dia tunduk kepada saya semasa dia meninggalkan bilik itu
He came in just as I was going out	Dia masuk semasa saya keluar

7. 'As' boleh bermakna apabila

English	Melayu
She cried as she read the letter	Dia menangis apabila dia membaca surat itu
She greets him every morning as he enters the building	Dia menyapanya setiap pagi apabila dia memasuki bangunan itu

8. 'As' boleh bermakna kerana

Di sini, 'as' boleh menggantikan 'because' (kerana).

English	Melayu
I cannot come with you as I am too busy	Saya tak boleh pergi bersama awak kerana saya terlalu sibuk

9. 'As' boleh bermakna seberapa

English	Melayu
She stood as close to him as she could	dia berdiri rapat dengan dia seberapa yang dia boleh
I will write letters to you as often as I can	Saya akan menulis surat untuk awak seberapa kerap yang saya boleh
My teacher told me to read as much as I could	Guru saya beritahu saya untuk membaca seberapa banyak yang saya boleh
I would appreciate a reply as soon as possible	Kita akan menghargai jawapan yang seberapa cepat yang mungkin
She is trying to save as much money as she can	Dia sedang cuba menyimpan seberapa banyak wang yang boleh
I couldn't spend as much time with my children as I wanted to	Saya tak dapat menggunakan masa dengan anak-anak seberapa banyak yang saya mahu
As soon as possible	Seberapa cepat, secepat mungkin
I'll help you as much as I can	Saya akan tolong awak seberapa mampu saya

10. 'As well as' bermakna sebaik.

English	Melayu
I can swim as well as you	Dia boleh berenang sebaik awak
I can't sing as well as Mary did	Saya tak boleh menyanyi sebaik Mary telah lakukan

11. 'As soon as' bermakna sebaik saja.

English	Melayu
As soon as he arrived ...	Sebaik saja dia sampai ...
As soon as she opened the door, a cat ran out	Sebaik saja dia membuka pintu, seekor kucing telah lari keluar
As soon as we sat down, she brought us coffee	Sebaik saja kami duduk, dia menghidangkan kopi
I'll be with you as soon as I finish this job	Saya akan bersama awak sebaik saja saya habis perkerjaan ini
Write to me as soon as you get there	Hubungi saya sebaik saha awak sampai di sana
I plan to buy a new car as soon as I can afford one	Saya merancang untuk membeli kereta baru sebaik saja saya mampu

12. 'As a result' bermakna akibatnya, hasilnya

English	Melayu
As a result	Hasilnya, akibatnya

13. 'As it is' bermakna seadanya

English	Melayu
I like this house as it is	Saya suka rumah ini seadanya

14. 'As if' bermakna seolah-olah

English	Melayu
He acts as if he were a king	Dia bertindak seolah-olah dia raja
She acted as if she knew nothing	Dia bertindak seolah-olah dia tak tahu apa-apa
He speaks as if he were an expert	Dia bercakap seolah-olah dia seorang pakar

15. 'As well' boleh bermakna juga

English	Melayu
He can speak Russian as well	Dia boleh bercakap Rusia juga
I have to study as well	Saya mesti belajar juga

16. 'As well as' boleh bermakna dan

English	Melayu
She gave him money as well as food	Dia beri wang dan makanan
Nancy went to London as well as Paris	Nancy telah pergi ke London dan Paris
Tom can speak German as well as English	Tom boleh berbahasa Inggeris dan Jerman
She grows flowers such as tulips and daisies	Dia menanam bunga-bunga seperti tulip dan daisi

17. 'As a matter of fact' boleh bermakna berdasarkan fakta, berasaskan fakta

English	Melayu
As a matter of fact, he works hard	Berdasarkan fakta, dia berkerja kuat

18. Lain-lain makna :

English	Melayu
His room is twice as large as mine	Biliknya dua kali lebih besar dari saya punya
He earns three times as much as I do	Dia berpendapatan tiga kali banyak lebih dari saya
Tom has twice as many stamps as I do	Tom mempunyai dua kali lebih banyak setem dari yang saya ada
As for me, I'm for it	Bagi saya, saya menyokong
I spend as much time working in the garden in one day as my brother does in a week	Saya berada di taman berkerja selama sehari selama abang saya berkerja dalam seminggu
As big as elephant	Sebesar gajah
Try as hard as you can	Cubalah sekeras yang awak boleh
Eat as much as you like	Makanlah sebanyak yang awak boleh
I'm not as rich as I was	Saya tidak sekaya dahulu
She's not as old as Mary	Dia tidak setua Mary
Take as many as you want	Ambillah sebanyak yang awak mahu
He ran as fast as he could	Dia berlari secepat yang dia boleh
As far as I know, he isn't lazy	Setahu saya, dia tidaklah pemalas
Please stay as long as you wish	Menginaplah selama mana awak mahu
I've got as much money as he has	Saya ada duit sebanyak yang dia ada
Take as many cookies as you want	Ambillah sebanyak mana biskut yang awak mahu
Lend him as much money as he needs	Pinjamkan dia sebanyak yang dia perlukan
Collect as many as you can	Pungut sebanyak yang awak boleh
She has about as many stamps as I do	Dia mempunyai stem sebanyak yang saya ada
Keep your room as neat as you can	Jadikan bilik awak sebersih yang awak boleh
I'm not as healthy as I used to be	Saya tidak sesihat seperti selalu
Tom can ski as well as his brother	Tom boleh bermain ski sebagus abangnya
He is not as smart as his older brother	Dia tidak sepandai abangnya
I plan to leave Boston as soon as I can	Saya merancang untuk meninggalkan Boston secepat yang saya boleh
As far as I know, they always keep their word	Setahu saya, mereka memenuhi janji
I will never forget your kindness as long as I live	Saya tak akan pernah lupakan kebaikan awak sepanjang hidup saya

155. Senarai beberapa penggunaan 'as'

Beberapa penggunaan 'as'

Berikut ialah beberapa penggunaan perkataan Inggeris 'as'.

English	Melayu
Do as he tells you	Buat sebagaimana dia beritahu awak
I'm as tall as Tom	Saya sama tinggi dengan Tom
He acted as my guide	Dia bertindak sebagai jurupandu saya
She's as busy as Tom	Dia sibuk seperti Tom
We sang as we walked	Kami menyanyi sambil berjalan
He runs as fast as you	Dia berlari selaju awak
Let him do as he likes	Biar dia buat apa yang dia suka
Try as hard as you can	Cubalah seberapa kuat yang awak boleh
Eat as much as you like	Makanlah sebanyak yang yang awak suka
I'm not as rich as I was	Saya tidak sekaya dahulu
It was just as I thought	Ia hanya apa yang muncul dalam fikiran saya
She's not as old as Mary	Dia tidak setua Mary
Take as many as you want	Ambillah seberapa banyak yang awak mahu
This was meant as a joke	Ini dimaksudkan sebagai gurauan
He's almost as tall as me	Dia hampir setinggi saya
I can swim as well as you	Saya boleh berenang sebaik awak
He ran as fast as he could	Dia berlari secepat yang dia boleh
He used me as a guinea pig	Dia gunakan saya sebagai batu loncatan
I like this house as it is	Saya suka rumah ini seadanya
I regarded Tom as a friend	Saya anggap Tom sebagai seorang rakan
They addressed me as doctor	Mereka menganggap saya sebagai seorang doktor
You are as white as a sheet	Awak seputih kertas
He acts as if he were a king	Dia bertindak seolah-olah dia raja
He can speak Russian as well	Dia boleh berbahasa Russia dengan baik
He is twice as old as she is	Dia lebih tua dua kali dari saya
He nodded to me as he passed	Dia telah mengangguk pada saya semasa dia lalu
She disguised herself as him	Dia menyamar dirinya sebagai lelaki
She's well known as a singer	Dia terkenal sebagai penyanyi
Tom is as tall as his father	Tom sama tinggi dengan ayahnya
Tom isn't as old as he looks	Tom tidak setua seperti kelihatannya
I wish I were as young as you	Saya harap saya semuda awak
It is not as good as it looks	Ia tidak sebagus seperti kelihatannya
My son is now as tall as I am	Anak lelaki saya sekarang sama tinggi seperti saya
She hired Ali as a programmer	Dia mengambil Ali sebagai juruprogram
Can you swim as fast as he can ?	Adakah awak boleh berenang sepantas dia ?
He's about the same age as you	Dia lebihkurang sama umur seperti awak
I'll help you as much as I can	Saya akan tolong awak semampu yang boleh
As a child, Bob lived in Boston	Semasa kanak-kanak, Bob tinggal di Boston
As far as I know, he isn't lazy	Sejauh yang saya tahu, dia tidaklah malas
Japan is not as large as Canada	Jepun tidak seluas Kanada
Please stay as long as you wish	Sila tinggal seberapa lama yang awak suka
He has the same camera as I have	Dia mempunyai kamera yang sama seperti yang saya ada
I can't sing as well as Mary did	Saya tidak boleh menyanyi sebagus Mary
I've got as much money as he has	Saya mempunyai duit sebanyak yang dia ada
She acted as if she knew nothing	Dia bertindak seolah-olah dia tidak tahu apa-apa
She cried as she read the letter	Dia menangis sebaik saja dia membaca surat itu
She has the same bag as you have	Dia mempunyai beg yang sama seperti yang awak ada
Take as many cookies as you want	Ambillah kuih sebanyak yang awak mahu
Take as many peaches as you like	Ambillah buak pic sebanyak yang awak mahu
You may talk as much as you like	Awak boleh bercakap seberapa lama yang awak mahu
He speaks as if he were an expert	Dia bercakap seolah-olah dia seorang pakar
Keep your room as neat as you can	Jadikan bilik awak sebersih yang awak boleh
The boy talks as if he were a man	Budak itu bercakap seolah-olah dia seorang dewasa
He acted as our interpreter	Dia bertindak sebagai jurubahasa kami
He bowed to me as he left the room	Dia menundukkan badan terhadap saya bila dia meninggalkan bilik itu
He came in just as I was going out	Dia masuk apabila saya sedang mahu keluar
He's about the same age as you are	Dia berumur sama seperti awak
His room is twice as large as mine	Biliknya dua kali lebih besar dari bilik saya
I can't play tennis as well as Tom	Saya tidak boleh bermain tenis sebaik Tom
I'm not as healthy as I used to be	Saya tidak sesihat seperti dulu
Lend him as much money as he needs	Punjamkan dia duit sebanyak yang dia perlukan
Please speak as clearly as you can	Tolong cakap sejelas yang awak boleh
She gave him money as well as food	Dia berinya duit dan makanan
She's about the same height as you	Dia lebihkurang sama tinggi seperti awak
She's as good a cook as her mother	Dia bagus sebagai tukang masak seperti emaknya
Tom can ski as well as his brother	Tom boleh bermain ski sebaik abangnya
You talk as if you knew everything	Awak bercakap macam awak tahu semuanya
He earns three times as much as I do	Dia berpendapatan tiga kali lebih banyak daripada saya
I plan to get a job as soon as I can	Saya merancang untuk mendapat pekerjaan secepat yang saya boleh
She has about as many stamps as I do	Dia mempunyai setem lebihkurang sebanyak yang saya ada
He works as hard as any other student	Dia berkerja keras seperti pelajar lain
I don't eat as much meat as I used to	Saya sekarang tidak makan daging sebanyak dulu
Nancy went to London as well as Paris	Nancy pergi ke London serta Paris
She stood as close to him as she could	Dia berdiri serapat mungkin dengan dia
He is not as smart as his older brother	Dia tidak sebijak abangnya
I plan to leave Boston as soon as I can	Saya merancang untuk meninggalkan Boston secepatnya
Tom can speak German as well as English	Tom boleh bertutur bahasa Jerman dan Inggeris
We'll start as soon as it stops raining	Kita akan mula sebaik saja hujan berhenti
He entered the bank disguised as a guard	Dia memasuki bank menyamar sebagai pengawal
This novel isn't as good as his last one	Novel ini tidak sebagus novelnya yang sebelum ini
As soon as she saw me, she started to cry	Sebaik saja dia melihat saya, dia mula menangis
I will lend you as much money as you want	Saya akan pinjamkan duit sebanyak yang awak mahu
All of us want to live as long as possible
He ran as fast as his legs could carry him
I started liking Mary as soon as I met her
I want to keep my room as neat as possible
Jane gave me the same present as Wendy did
As far as I know, he has never come on time
As soon as she saw me, she burst out crying
She greeted him cheerfully as she always did
They regarded him as the best doctor in town
As far as I know, they always keep their word
As soon as she opened the door, a cat ran out
As soon as we sat down, she brought us coffee
I will write letters to you as often as I can
I'll be with you as soon as I finish this job
My teacher told me to read as much as I could
Please send me a letter as soon as you arrive
She acted as if she didn't care what happened
As soon as I can afford to buy a house, I will
I would appreciate a reply as soon as possible
My friend Tom has twice as many stamps as I do
She is trying to save as much money as she can
She started kissing him as soon as he got home
I've made the same mistakes as I made last time
I will never forget your kindness as long as live
I'll never forget your kindness as long as I live
If you can't make it, call us as soon as possible
I want you to write to me as soon as you get there
Let's leave things as they are until he comes back
I plan to buy a new car as soon as I can afford one
Will you send someone to fix it as soon as possible?
I can't believe you're weren't as impressed as I was
She walked as fast as she could to catch up with him
They stopped talking as soon as I came into the room
She grows flowers such as tulips, pansies and daisies
She watched him continue to fight as hard as he could
As soon as I can get the chance, I'll come for a visit
As soon as I find it, I'll bring it over to your place
As soon as the child saw his mother, he stopped crying
Be sure to drop us a line as soon as you get to London
He listened to the news on the radio as he fed his dog
You don't get up as early as your older sister, do you?
I will send you a copy of this picture as soon as I can
400 million people speak English as their first language
I don't know about the others, but as for me, I'm for it
As soon as I can get the chance, I'll send you some money
Tom is not a lazy boy. As a matter of fact, he works hard
As soon as it stopped raining a beautiful rainbow appeared
She'd like him to get in touch with her as soon as possible
As soon as I can afford it, I plan to travel around the world
As we ate our meal, we talked about what we had done that day
He was disappointed that things didn't turn out as he'd hoped
She greets him every morning as he enters the school building
The ancient Greeks knew as much about the solar system as we do
You can go out, as long as you promise to be back by 11 o'clock
Tom isn't the only one who has to study. I have to study as well
As soon as I can figure out how to send money, I'll send you some
I shouldn't have used the word "password" as my password
I suggest that you go and see a doctor about this as soon as you can
As soon as I can get the chance, I'll help your mother paint the fence
Are you seriously thinking about pursuing a career as a race car driver?
Last year, I couldn't spend as much time with my children as I wanted to
I've spent so many years as chairman that I feel it's time I stepped down
She hired him as an interpreter because she had heard that he was the best
A few years ago, on Mother's Day, I gave my stepmother a locket as a present
As soon as I can get a decent video camera, I'll start making videos to put online
I spend as much time working in the garden in one day as my brother does in a week
As soon as I can get my son to scan our family photos, I'll upload some of them to our website

156. Pelbagai penggunaan 'in'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'in'

Perkataan Inggeris 'in' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan makna.

1. 'In' boleh bermakna di.
2. 'In' boleh bermakna di dalam.
3. 'In' boleh bermakna dalam.
4. 'In' boleh bermakna pada.
5. 'In' boleh bermakna ...lah.
6. Lain-lain makna 'in'.

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1. 'In' boleh bermakna di

English	Melayu
In Malaysia	Di Malaysia
In Malacca	Di Melaka
In the world	Di dunia
In the sky	Di langit
In the sea	Di laut
In town	Di bandar
In both hands	Di kedua-dua tangan

2. 'In' boleh bermakna di dalam.

English	Melayu
In the room	Di dalam bilik
A hole in sock	Lubang di dalam stokin
Not in	Tiada di dalam
In my car	Di dalam kereta saya
In the drawer	Di dalam laci

3. 'In' boleh bermakna dalam.

English	Melayu
In two steps	Dalam dua langkah
In confusion	Dalam kekeliruan
In your mind	Dalam fikiran awak
In English	Dalam bahasa Inggeris
In this situation	Dalam keadaan ini
In need	Dalam keadaan memerlukan
In line	Dalam barisan
In a hurry	Dalam keadaan tergesa-gesa
Interested in swimming	Berminat dalam renang

4. 'In' boleh bermakna pada

English	Melayu
Trust in him	Percaya padanya
Believe in him	Percaya padanya
He was born in 2000	Dia dilahirkan pada tahun 2000
She arrived in time	Dia tiba pada masanya
Believe in yourself	Percaya pada diri sendiri
In my opinion	Pada pendapat saya
Stare in the face	Memandang pada muka

5. 'In' boleh bermakna ...lah.

English	Melayu
Get in	Masuklah
Come in	Masuklah

Lain-lain makna 'in'

English	Melayu
Walk in	Berjalan masuk
Let me in	Benarkan saya masuk
In spite of	Meskipun
In return	Sebagai balasan
Gave in	Mengalah
Keep in touch	Selalulah berhubung
Turn in	Hantar
Dress in white	Berpakaian putih
In order	Bersusun
In order to	Untuk
Fell in love	Jatuh cinta
In ages	Bertahun-tahun
In vain	Sia-sia
In all	Semua sekali. Semuanya
Person in charge	Orang yang bertugas

Catitan :

- Perbezaan antara 'in' dan 'at' : 'In' bermakna 'di dalam' tetapi 'at' bermakna 'di sebelah'.

157. Senarai beberapa penggunaan 'in'

Beberapa penggunaan 'in'

Berikut ialah beberapa penggunaan 'in'.

English	Melayu	English	Melayu
In	Masuk	Let me in	Biarkan saya masuk
Gave in	Mengalah	He gave in	Dia mengalah
Count in	Masuk kira	Count me in	Kira saya sekali
Not in	Tidak dikira	He's not in	Dia tidak dikira
Get in	Masuk	I'll get in	Saya akan masuk
Came in	Masuklah	Mary came in	Mary datang dan masuk
In touch	Berhubung	Keep in touch	Teruslah berhubung
Come in	Masuk	May I come in ?	Boleh saya masuk ?
In London	Di London	I am in London	Daya berada di London
Come in	Masuk	Please come in	Sila masuk
In Japan	Di Jepun	I live in Japan	Saya tinggal di Jepun
Is in	Ada di dalam	My father is in	Ayah saya ada di dalam/td>
Believe in	Percaya pada	I believe in him	Saya percaya pada dia
In Italy	Di Itali	Rome is in Italy	Rom adalah di Itali
In a hurry	Tergesa-gesa	We're in a hurry	Kita sedang tergesa-gesa
In person	Sendiri	He came in person	Dia sendiri yang datang
In the bath	Dalam bilik mandi	She's in the bath	Dia dalam bilik mandi
In class	Dalam darjah	They are in class	Mereka berada di kelas
In a hurry	Tergesa-gesa	Are you in a hurry ?	Adakah awak tergesa-gesa ?
In time	Dalam tempoh masa	He arrived in time	Dia tiba pada masanya
In	Masuk	She invited Ali in	Dia pelawa Ali masuk
In the sea	Di laut	We swam in the sea	Kami telah berenang di laut
Believe in	Percaya pada	Believe in yourself	Percaya pada diri sendiri
In Ohio	Di Ohio	He was born in Ohio	Dia telah dilahirkan di Ohio
In a bank	Di sebuah bank	She works in a bank	Dia berkerja di sebuah bank
In the house	Dalam rumah	Tom is in the house	Tom ada di rumah
In the lake	Di tasik	We swam in the lake	Kami telah berenang di tasik
In the desk	Dalam meja	What is in the desk ?	Apa yang ada dalam meja ?
In	Masuk	Don't let the dog in	Jangan biarkan anjing itu masuk
In Rome	Di Rom	I once lived in Rome	Saya pernah sekali tinggal di Rom
In taxes	Dalam bentuk	I paid $200 in taxes	Saya telah membayar cukai sebanyak $200
In 1865	Pada tahun 1865	Lincoln died in 1865	Lincoln telah mati pada tahun 1865
Keep in touch	Selalu berhubung	Please keep in touch	Selalulah berhubung
In line	Dalam garisan	Wait in line, please	Tolong tunggu dalam garisan
Deals in	Berniaga	He deals in furniture	Dia berniaga perabut
Stay in	Tinggal	He had to stay in bed	Dia terpaksa berada di atas katil
In a factory	Di sebuah kilang	He works in a factory	Dia berkerja di sebuah kilang
In the country	Di negara itu	I live in the country	Saya tinggal dalam negara itu
In the play	Dalam lakunan itu	She acted in the play	Dia berlakun dalam cerita itu
In New York	Di	She lives in New York	Dia tinggal di New York
Turn in	Hantar	Turn in your homework	Hantar kerja rumah awak
Come in	Masuk	Why don't you come in	Mengapa awak tidak masuk
In private	Antara kita sahaja	Can we talk in private	Boleh kita bercakap antara kita sahaja
In love	Jatuh cinta	He is in love with Siti	Dia jatuh cinta pada Siti
In good spirits	Dalam keadaan bersemangat	He was in good spirits	Dia dalam keadaan bersemangat
In place	Menggantikan	He went in place of me	Dia menggantikan saya
In a hurry	Dengan tergesa-gesa	He went off in a hurry	Dia pergi dengan tergesa-gesa
In black	Berpakaian serba hitam	I saw a woman in black	Saya nampak seorang perempuan memakai pakaian serba hitam
In mountains	Di pergunungan	I was in the mountains	Saya berada di pergunungan
In the city	Di bandar	I'm living in the city	Saya tinggal di bandar
In need	Perlukan	She is in need of help	dDa perlukan pertolongan
In history	Dalam subjek sejarah	She majored in history	Dia major dalam subjek sejarah
In red	Serba merah	She was dressed in red	Dia berpakaian serba merah
In the well	Dalam perigi	The cat is in the well	Kucing itu dalam perigi
In this town	Di bandar ink	They live in this town	Mereka tinggal di bandar ini
In the suburbs	Di luar bandar	We live in the suburbs	Mereka tinggal di luar bandar
In bed	Berada atas katil	You should stay in bed	Awak sepatutnya berada di atas katil
Fell in love	Telah jatuh cinta	I fell in love with her	Saya telah jatuh cinta padanya
In her eyes	Pada matanya	I saw tears in her eyes	Saya nampak air mata di matanya
In that room	Di bilik itu	It is dark in that room	Gelap di bilik itu
In her hostel	Di asramanya	She is in her hostel now	Dia berada di asramanya
Let him in	Benarkan dia masuk	She wouldn't let him in	Dia tidak benarkan dia masuk
In one eye	Sebelah mata	Tom is blind in one eye	Tom buta sebelah mata
In a safe placd	Di tempat selamat	You are in a safe place	Awak berada di tempat yang selamat
Come in	Masuklah	Come in, the door's open	Masuklah, pintu dah terbuka
In the street	Di jalanan	Don't play in the street	Jangan bermain di jalanan
		He put his room in order
		He's in bed with the flu
		I am interested in music
		I gave in to her demands
		I have an ache in my arm
		I never saw him in jeans
		I put cream in my coffee
		I was caught in a shower
		It's in my jacket pocket
		My father is in his room
		My mother is sick in bed
		She was in a great hurry
		The train got in on time
		A gun might come in handy
		Can you pay me in advance
		He lives in a large house
		He lives in the next town
		He was in time for school
		He went to London in 1970
		I didn't hear you come in
		I got some sand in my eye
		I keep a diary in English
		I was disappointed in her
		I was disappointed in him
		I was in bed with the flu
		My father was in the navy
		She fell in love with him
		She visited him in Boston
		She was born in the 1950s
		She was injured in a fall
		She's in the hospital now
		There's a hair in my soup
		They are both in the room
		You're wrong in this case
		All's fair in love and war
		I have a friend in England
		I haven't seen you in ages
		I tried in vain to open it
		I was in London last month
		I will call you in an hour
		I wish I were in Paris now
		It's 4:30 in the afternoon
		It's easy to work in jeans
		Ken was in Japan last year
		My brother works in a bank
		Rome wasn't built in a day
		She lives in a large house
		She put the key in her bag
		She stared him in the face
		She's never fallen in love
		The castle is now in ruins
		The Diet is now in session
		There were ten eggs in all
		There's no one in the room
		Tom is in bed with a fever
		Write in the date yourself
		You can go there in a boat
		Are you happy in your house
		Don't talk in the classroom
		Has she ever fallen in love
		Hold the ball in both hands
		I am interested in swimming
		I'll be back in ten minutes
		My father is in his fifties
		She first met him in Boston
		She has flowers in her hand
		She is proficient in French
		She stabbed him in the back
		She stays in touch with him
		The train arrived in London
		There is a hole in his sock
		There's a hole in this sock
		They found Tom in the crowd
		Who is the person in charge
		Write your name in capitals
		All our efforts were in vain
		Both of them are in the room
		Do you have jeans in my size
		Have you ever sung in public
		He gave in to the temptation
		He lost his way in the woods
		He stuck the book in his bag
		He was in critical condition
		I can do it in half the time
		I have absolute trust in him
		I saw a town in the distance
		I was disappointed in my son
		I'd like to live in New York
		I'll be with you in a second
		I'll send you home in my car
		I've never seen him in jeans
		In my opinion, he is correct
		John is in the swimming club
		Mary is studying in her room
		She has a flower in her hand
		She was hurt in the accident
		The car was stuck in the mud
		There is a hole in your sock
		They speak Spanish in Mexico
		This book sold well in Japan
		Tom is still in the hospital
		We are in favor of your plan
		We traveled in South America
		We were sweating in the heat
		What do you have in your bag
		What grade is your sister in
		What line of work are you in
		Don't interfere in my affairs
		He always sings in the shower
		He came in through the window
		He has some money in the bank
		He runs in the park every day
		He'll be along in ten minutes
		I am the tallest in our class
		I have many coins in this box
		I put some cream in my coffee
		I sat in the front of the bus
		I think his life is in danger
		I went for a walk in the park
		I write in my diary every day
		I'll be back in a few minutes
		Is that what you have in mind

158. Pelbagai penggunaan 'do'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'do'

Perkataan Inggeris 'do' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan makna :

1. 'Do' adalah 'present tense' bagi objek 'I, you, plural'.
2. 'Do' adalah 'present tense' yang bermakna 'memang' bagi objek 'I, you, plural'.
3. 'Do' boleh digunakan dalam perintah, bermaksud buat atau buatlah.
4. 'Do' boleh bermaksud buat, berbuat bagi objek 'I, you, plural' bagi 'present tense'.
5. 'Do not' bermaksud jangan.
6. Dalam bentuk soalan 'aktif', 'do bermaksud adakah.
7. Dalam bentuk soalan 'negatif', 'don't bermaksud adakah (objek) tidak, tidakkah atau bukankah.

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1. 'Do' adalah 'present tense' bagi objek 'I, you, plural'.

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + ('verb').

English	Melayu	English (alternative)
I know	Saya tahu	I do know
I like sweets	Saya suka gula-gula	I do like sweets
You know	Awak tahu	You do know
You like sweets	Awak suka gula-gula	You do like sweets
They know	Mereka tahu	They do know
They like sweets	Mereka suka gula-gula	They do like sweets
We know	Kami tahu	We do know
We like sweets	Kami suka gula-gula	We do like sweets

Catitan :

- Apabila 'do' digunakan, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.
- 'Present tense' bagi perkataan 'do' bagi 'singular' ialah 'does'.

2. 'Do' adalah 'present tense' yang boleh bermakna 'memang' bagi objek 'I, you, plural'.

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'do' + ('verb').

English	Melayu	English
I do know	Saya memang tahu
I do like sweets	Saya memang suka gula-gula
You do know	Awak memang tahu
You do like sweets	Awak memang suka gula-gula
They do know	Mereka memang tahu
They do like sweets	Mereka memang suka gula-gula
We do know	Kami memang tahu
We do like sweets	Kami memang suka gula-gula

Catitan :

- Apabila 'do' digunakan, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.
- 'Present tense' bagi 'singular' ialah 'does'.

3. 'Do' boleh digunakan dalam perintah, bermaksud buat atau buatlah.

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'do' + ('non-verb'), atau, 'do' + ('non-verb').

English	Melayu
You do the washing	Awaklah buat cucian. Awaklah basuh
Do your work	Buatlah kerja awak
You do your work	Awak buatlah kerja awak
Do me a favour	Tolong saya
Please do me a favour	Tolonglah tolong saya
Do good things	Buatlah perkara baik
Do your best	Buatlah yang terbaik
Do your hair	Kemaskan rambut awak

4. 'Do' boleh bermaksud buat, berbuat bagi objek 'I, you, plural' bagi masa 'present tense'.

English	Melayu
I do business	Saya buat perniagaan. Saya berniaga
They do badly in math	Mereka berbuat teruk dalam matematik
What do you do ?	Apa yang awak buat (sekarang) ?
What do they do ?	Apa yang mereka buat (sekarang) ?

5. 'Do not' bermaksud jangan.

Struktur penggunaan : 'Don't' + ('verb').

'Do not' boleh diringkaskan menjadi 'don't'.

English	Melayu
Don't do it	Jangan lakukannya
Don't sleep	Jangan tidur
Don't eat	Jangan makan
Don't drink	Jangan minum
Fon't walk	Jangan jalan

Catitan :

- Apabila 'don't' digunakan, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

6. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', 'do' bermaksud adakah.

Do I need to do that ?	Adakah saya perlu buat itu ?
Do you like sweets ?	Adakah awak suka gula-gula ?
Do you know	Adakah awak tahu ?
Do I know ?	Adakah saya tahu ?
Do they know ?	Adakah mereka tahu ?
Do we matter ?	Adakah kami penting ?
Do you know what you are doing ?	Adakah awak tahu apa yang awak sedang buat ?

7. Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif', 'don't' bermaksud adakah (objek) tidak, tidakkah, bukankah.

Don't I need to do that ?	Tidakkah saya perlu buat itu ? Adakah saya tidak perlu buat itu ?
Don't you like sweets ?	Tidakkah awak suka gula-gula ? Adakah saya tidak suka gula-gula ?
Don't you know	Tidakkah awak tahu ? Adakah awak tidak tahu ?
Don't I know ?	Tidakkah saya tahu ? Adakah saya tidak tahu ?
Don't they know ?	Tidakkah mereka tahu ? Adakah mereka tidak tahu ?
Don't they matter ?	Tidakkah mereka penting ? Adakah mereka tidak penting ?
Don't you know what you are doing ?	Tidakkah awak tahu apa yang awak sedang buat ? Adakah awak tidak tahu apa yang sedang awak buat ?

Ringkasan :

We do

You do

They do

The teachers do

I don't

We don't

You don't

They don't

The teachers don't

Do I ... ?

Do we ... ?

Do you ... ?

Do they ... ?

Do the teachers ... ?

Don't I ... ?

Don't we ... ?

Don't you ... ?

Don't they ... ?

Don't the teachers ... ?

8

159. Pelbagai penggunaan 'does'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'does'

Perkataan Inggeris 'does' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan makna.

'Does' menandakan 'present tense' bagi objek 'he, she, it, this, that' dan lain-lain 'singular'.

Berikut ialah beberapa struktur dimana perkataan 'does' digunakan :

1. (Objek) + ('verb').
2. 'Does' boleh bermakna 'memang' bagi 'non-action verb' yang dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' bagi masa 'present tense'.
3. 'Does not' bermaksud tak, tidak.
4. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', 'does' bermaksud adakah bagi objek 'singular' dan masa 'present tense'.
5. Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif', 'doesn't' atau 'does not' bermaksud adakah (objek) tidak, tidakkah atau bukankah bagi objek 'singular'.

---

1. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + ('verb').

'Does' digunakan bagi :

1. Objek : 'He, she, it, this, that' dan lain-lain 'Singular'.
2. Masa : 'Present tense'.

English	Melayu	English - alternative
She knows	Dia tahu	She does know
She likes sweets	Dia suka gula-gula	She does like sweets
He knows	Dia tahu	He does know
He likes sweets	Dia suka gula-gula	He does like sweets
It breaks easily	Ia mudah pecah	It does break easily
It takes some time	Ia mengambil sedikit masa	It does take some time
It matters	Ia penting	It does matter

Catitan :

- 'Does' menggantikan tambahan huruf 's' bagi 'verb' yang dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' bagi masa 'present tense' (Jika 'does' digunakan, maka tiada tambahan 's' bagi 'verb' berkenaan).

- 'Verb' hendaklah mengambil bentuk 'infinitive'.
- 'Verb' itu samada 'action verb' atau 'non-action verb'.

2. 'Does' boleh bermakna 'memang' bagi 'verb' yang dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' bagi masa 'present tense'.

English	Melayu
He does know	Dia memang tahu
She does like sweets	Dia memang suka gula-gula
Ali does know	Ali memang tahu
He does like sweets	Dia memang suka gula-gula
He does want that	Dia memang mahukan itu
She does love sweets	Dia memang suka gula-gula

Catitan :

- 'Does' menggantikan tambahan huruf 's' bagi 'non-action verb' yang dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' bagi masa 'present tense'. (Jika 'does' digunakan, maka tiada tambahan 's' bagi 'verb' berkenaan).

- 'Verb' hendaklah mengambil bentuk 'infinitive').
- 'Verb' itu samada 'action verb' atau 'non-action verb'.

3. 'Does not' bermaksud tak, tidak.

'Does not' boleh diringkaskan menjadi 'doesn't'.

English	Melayu
She doesn't do it	Dia tidak melakukannya
He doesn't sleep	Dia tidak tidur
Ali doesn't eat beef	Ali tidak makan daging lembu
He doesn't drink alcohol	Dia tidak minum alkohol
It doesn't walk on the grass	Ia tidak berjalan diatas rumput

Catitan :

- 'Doesn't' tidak bermakna 'jangan'. Untuk 'jangan', gunakan 'don't'. Contohnya : Tiada 'please doesn't walks'. Yang ada ialah 'please don't walk'.
- 'Doesn't' menghasilkan satu bentuk 'negatif', oleh itu perkataan selepasnya hendaklah dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

4. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', 'does' bermaksud adakah bagi objek 'singular' dan masa 'present tense'.

Struktur penggunasn : 'Does' + (objek) + ('verb').

English	Melayu
Does he need to do that ?	Adakah dia perlu buat itu ?
Does she like sweets ?	Adakah dia suka gula-gula ?
Does he know ?	Adakah dia tahu ?
Does she know ?	Adakah dia tahu ?
Does Ali know ?	Adakah Ali tahu ?
Does it matter ?	Adakah ia penting ?
Does he know what he is doing ?	Adakah dia tahu apa yang dia sedang buat ?

Catitan :

- Apabila does digunakan dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', penanya bermaksud bahawa hal itu adalah 'non-action verb', dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' dan dilakukan pada masa 'present tense'.
- Apabila does digunakan dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

5. Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif', doesn't atau 'does not' bermaksud adakah (objek) tidak, tidakkah atau bukankah bagi objek 'singular'.

Struktur penggunaan : 'Doesn't' + (objek) + ('verb').

English	Melayu
Doesn't he need to do that ?	Tidakkah dia perlu buat itu ?
Doesn't she like sweets ?	Tidakkah dia suka gula-gula ?
Doesn't he know ?	Tidakkah dia tahu ?
Doesn't she know ?	Tidakkah dia tahu ?
Doesn't Ali know ?	Tidakkah Ali tahu ?
Doesn't it matter ?	Tidakkah ia penting ?
Doesn't he know what he is doing ?	Tidakkah dia tahu apa yang dia sedang buat ?

Catitan :

- Apabila 'doesn't' atau 'does not'digunakan dalam bentuk soalan negatif, penanya bermaksud bahawa hal itu adalah 'verb', dilakukan oleh objek 'singular' dan dilakukan pada masa 'present tense'.
- Apabila 'doesn't' digunakan dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif', 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

Ringkasan :

Bentuk	Struktur	Objek
Aktif	(Objek) + does	Singular
Negatif	(Objek) + doesn't	Singular
Soalan Aktif	Does + (objek) + ('verb') ?	Singular
Soalan Negatif	Doesn't + (objek) + ('verb') ?	Singular

160. Pelbagai penggunaan 'did'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'did'

Perkataan Inggeris 'did' mempunyai pelbagai penggunaan dan pelbagai makna.

Perkataan 'did' digunakan dalam hal-hal berikut :

1. Perkataan 'did' boleh memberi maksud yang (telah).
2. Perkataan 'did' boleh bermakna telah atau memang telah.
3. Perkataan 'did' boleh diganti dengan perkataan 'past tense' tertentu.
4. Perkataan 'did' dalam bentuk negatif ialah 'did not'. Ia boleh bermakna 'tidak' atau 'bukan'.
5. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif', 'did' bermakna adakah (objek) telah.
6. Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif', 'did not' atau 'didn't' bermakna adakah (objek) telah tidak, tidakkah (objek) telah.

---

1. Perkataan 'did' kadang-kadang memberi maksud yang (telah) bagi 'non-verb'

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'did' + ('non-verb').

English	Melayu
I did	Saya yang (telah) buat
I did the question	Saya yang (telah) buat soalan itu
She did the sound	Dia yang (telah) buat bunyi itu
He did the drawing	Dia yang (telah) buat lukisan itu
We did the cleaning	Kita yang (telah) buat pembersihan itu
They did the noise	Mereka yang (telah) buat bising itu
You did the trouble	Awak yang (telah) buat masalah itu
Ali did	Ali yang (telah) buat
Ali and Abu did	Ali dan Abu yang (telah) buat

2. Perkataan 'did' boleh bermakna telah atau memang telah bagi 'verb'

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'did' + ('verb').

English - Infinitive	Melayu - kata dasar	English	Melayu
Know	Tahu	I did know	Saya memang telah tahu
Tell	Beritahu	She did tell Ali	Dia memang telah beritahu Ali
Arrive	Sampai	He did arrive early	Dia memang telah sampai awal
Pass	Lulus	You did pass the driving test	Awak telah lulus ujian memandu
Change	Tukar	It did change the colour	Ia telah merubah warna
Walk	Jalan	We did walk to school	Kami telah berjalan kaki ke sekolah
Fight	Gaduh	They did fight with the other group	Mereka telah bergaduh dengan kumpulan lain
Eat	Makan	Ali did eat the cake	Ali telah makan kek itu
Go	Pergi	Ali and Abu did go to town yesterday	Ali dan Abu telah pergi ke pekan semalam

Catitan :

- Dalam struktur ini, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

3. Perkataan 'did' boleh diganti dengan perkataan 'past tense' tertentu.

English - 'did'	English - 'past tense'	English	Melayu
Did know	Knew	I knew	Saya telah tahu
Did tell	Told	She told you	Dia telah beritahu awak
Did arrive	Arrived	He arrived early	Dia telah sampai awal
Did pass	Passed	You passed the driving test	Awak telah lulus ujian memandu
Did change	Changed	It changed the colour	Ia telah merubah warna
Did walk	Walked	We walked to school	Kami telah berjalan kaki ke sekolah
Did fight	Fought	They fought with the other group	Mereka telah bergaduh dengan kumpulan lain
Did eat	Ate	Ali ate the cake	Ali telah makan kek itu
Did go	Went	Ali and Abu went to town yesterday	Ali dan Abu telah pergi ke pekan semalam

4. Bentuk negatif

Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'did not' + ('verb').

Perkataan 'did' dalam bentuk negatif ialah 'did not'. 'Did not' boleh diringkaskan menjadi 'didn't'.

'Did not' bermakna '(telah) tidak'.

English - Infinitive	Melayu - kata dasar	English - with 'did'	Melayu
Know	Tahu	I did not know	Saya (telah) tidak tahu
Come	Datang	He did not come	Dia (telah) tidak datang
Eat	Makan	You didn't eat	Awak (telah) tidak makan
Go	Pergi	She didn't go	Dia (telah) tidak pergi
See	Nampak	He did not see	Dia (telah) tidak nampak
Listen	Mendengar	We did not listen	Kami (telah) tidak mendengar
Watch	Menonton	They did not watch the match	Mereka (telah) tidak menonton perlawanan itu
Call	Panggil	Ali did not call you	Ali (telah) tidak ada memanggil awak
Sit	Duduk	Siti and Murni did not sit there	Siti and Murni (telah) tidak ada duduk disitu

Catitan :

- Dalam bahasa Melayu, perkataan 'telah' sering disenyapkan.
- Dalam struktur ini, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

5. Bentuk soalan aktif

Struktur penggunaan : 'Did' + (Objek) + ('verb').

Dalam bentuk soalan aktif, 'did' bermakna adakah (objek) telah.

Penyoal hendaklah bermaksud bahawa hal, keadaan, fakta yang ditanya itu telah berlaku di masa lalu dan dilakukan oleh semua objek samada 'singular' atau 'I, you, plural'.

English - Infinitive	Melayu - kata dasar	English	Melayu
Work	Kerja	Did you work yesterday ?	Adakah awak (telah) bekerja semalam ?
Come	Datang	Did she come last week ?	Adakah dia (telah) datang pada minggu lepas ?
Warn	Amaran	Did I warn you ?	Adakah saya telah beri amaran pada awak ?
Say	Cakap	Did he say something ?	Adakah dia telah bercakap sesuatu ?
Close	Tutup	Did you close the door ?	Adakah awak telah tutup pintu itu ?
Try	Cuba	Did we try hard enough ?	Adakah kita telah mencuba bersungguh-sungguh ?
Clean	Bersih	Did they clean their bed ?	Adakah mereka telah bersihkan katil mereka ?
Enjoy	Suka	Did Siti enjoy the food ?	Adakah Siti (telah) menyukai makanan itu ?
Write	Tulis	Did Ali and Abu write the petition ?	Adakah Ali dan Abu yang telah menulis surat permohonan itu ?

Catitan :

- Dalam bahasa Melayu, kadang-kadang perkataan 'telah' sering disenyapkan.
- Dalam struktur ini, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.

6. Bentuk soalan negatif

Struktur penggunaan : 'Did not' + (objek) + ('verb').

Dalam bentuk soalan negatif, 'did not' atau ringkasnya 'didn't' bermakna tidakkah (objek) (telah).

Penyoal hendaklah bermaksud bahawa hal, keadaan, fakta yang ditanya itu telah berlaku di masa lalu dan dilakukan oleh semua objek (samada 'I, you, singular, plural').

English - Infinitive	Melayu - kata dasar	English	Melayu
Work	Kerja	Didn't you work yesterday ?	Tidakkah awak (telah) bekerja semalam ?
Come	Datang	Didn't she come last week ?	Tidakkah dia (telah) datang minggu lepas ?
Warn	Amaran	Didn't I warn you ?	Tidakkah saya telah beri amaran pada awak ?
Say	Cakap	Didn't he say something ?	Tidakkah dia telah bercakap sesuatu ?
Close	Tutup	Didn't you close the door ?	Tidakkah awak (yang) telah tutup pintu itu ?
Try	Cuba	Didn't we try hard enough ?	Tidakkah kita telah mencuba bersungguh-sungguh ?
Clean	Bersih	Didn't they clean their bed ?	Tidakkah mereka telah bersihkan katil mereka ?
Enjoy	Nikmati	Didn't Siti enjoy the food ?	Tidakkah Siti (telah) menikmati makanan itu ?
Write	Tulis	Didn't Ali and Abu write the petition ?	Tidakkah Ali dan Abu yang telah menulis surat permohonan itu ?

Catitan :

- Dalam bahasa Melayu, kadang-kadang perkataan 'telah' sering disenyapkan.
- Dalam struktur ini, 'verb' hendaklah dieja dalam bentuk 'infinitive'.
Ringkasan :

English
I did ...
We did ...
You did ...
They did ...
He did ...
She did ...
It did ...
Ali did ...
I did not ...
We did not ...
You did not ...
They did not ...
He did not ...
She did not ...
It did not ...
Ali did not ...
Did i ... ?
Did we ... ?
Did you ... ?
Did they ... ?
Did he ... ?
Did she ... ?
Did it ... ?
Did Ali ... ?
Did not i ... ?
Did not we ... ?
Did not you ... ?
Did not they ... ?
Did not he ... ?
Did not she ... ?
Did not it ... ?
Did not Ali ... ?

161. Pelbagai penggunaan 'has been'

Pelbagai penggunaan 'has been'

Frasa Inggeris 'has been' bermakna 'adalah' atau 'ialah' atau 'merupakan' atau 'sudah'. Frasa Inggeris 'has not been' bermakna 'belum' atau 'sudah tidak'.

'Has been' (bentuk aktif) dan 'has not been' (bentuk negatif) digunakan bagi :

1. Objek : 'He, she, it, this, that' dan lain-lain 'singular'.
2. Masa : 'Present Perfect tense'. 'Has been' dan 'has not been' digunakan bagi menunjukkan keadaan atau fakta atau sikap (bukannya 'perbuatan') dalam satu tempoh masa yang telah lepas berlanjutan hingga sekarang.

Berikut ialah beberapa struktur dimana 'has been' dan 'has not been' digunakan. Kesannya 'has been' dan 'has not been' boleh menjadi pelbagai makna dalam bahasa Melayu.

1. Dalam bentuk 'aktif' : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('non-verb').
2. Dalam bentuk 'aktif' : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('gerund').
3. Dalam bentuk 'pasif' : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('past participle').
4. Dalam bentuk 'negatif' : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('non-verb').
5. Dalam bentuk 'negatif' : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('gerund').
6. Dalam bentuk 'negatif pasif' : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('past participle').
7. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif' : 'Has' + (objek) + 'been' + ('non-verb').
8. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif' : 'Has' + (objek) + 'been' + ('gerund').
9. Dalam bentuk 'soalan aktif' : 'Has' + (objek) + 'been' + ('past participle').
10.Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif' : 'Has not' + (objek) + 'been' + ('non-verb').
11.Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif' : 'Has not' + (objek) + 'been' + ('gerund').
12.Dalam bentuk 'soalan negatif pasif' : 'Has not' + (objek) + 'been' + ('past participle').

---

1. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('non-verb').

Ini adalah satu bentuk aktif.

English	Melayu
Tom has been a good doctor before he started losing his memory	Tom merupakan seorang doktor yang bagus sebelum dia mula kehilangan ingatannya
He has been a teacher for 10 years	Dia adalah seorang guru selama 10 tahun
Before she learned English, she has been able to speak Malay	Sebelum dia belajar Inggeris, dia sudah boleh berbahasa Melayu
If he has been Liverpool manager, he would have done things differently	Kalaulah dia (sudah) jadi pengurus Liverpool, dia akan (sudah) bekerja dengan cara yang berbeza
He has been 5 years away from home	Dia sudah 5 tahun tidak berada di rumah
I wish it has been a dream	Saya harap itu hanyalah satu mimpi
At the expo, the price could has been cheaper	Di ekspo itu, harganya boleh jadi lebih murah

Catitan :

- Dalam bahasa Melayu, perkataan 'sudah' mungkin di senyapkan, tapi, dalam bahasa Inggeris bila frasa 'has been' digunakan, ia bermakna satu hal 'present perfect tense'.
- 'Has been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

2. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('gerund').

Ini adalah satu bentuk aktif.

Aktif bagi 'has been' ialah juga 'has been ('gerund').

Orang ramai tahu bahawa pihak polis sudah memerhati pergerakan perompak itu

English	Melayu
I am happy that the company has been giving him the opportunity to study	Saya gembira syarikat itu sudah memberi dia peluang untuk belajar
People know that the police has been monitoring the movement of the robber
The organiser has been cancelling the program	Pihak penganjur sudah membatalkan program itu
The army has been using that type of bomb	Pihak tentera sudah menggunakan jenis bom seperti itu
The police has been catching Johan who has been seen for 2 days	Pihak polis sudah menangkap Johan yang sudah dilihat selama 2 hari

Catitan :

- 'Has been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'sudah'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('gerund')' bermakna 'sudah (nama perbuatan)'.
- 'Has been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

3. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has been' + ('past participle').

Ini adalah satu bentuk pasif.

Pasif bagi 'has been' ialah 'has been ('past participle').

English	Melayu
I am happy that he has been given the opportunity to study	Saya gembira dia sudah beri awak peluang untuk belajar
People wish that the murderer has been caught	Orang ramai berharap pembunuh (sudah) ditangkap
What if the program has been cancelled ?	Macamana kalau program itu sudah dibatalkan ?
If a bomb has been used...	Jika sebiji bom sudah digunakan...
Johan who has been seen for 2 days was finally caught	Johan yang sudah dilihat selama 2 hari akhirnya telah ditangkap

Catitan :

- 'Has been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'sudah'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('past participle')' membawa bentuk 'pasif', iaitu bermakna 'di(pasif)'.
- 'Has been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

4. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('non-verb').

Ini adalah satu bentuk negatif.

Dalam bentuk 'negatif', 'has not been' bermaksud 'belum' atau 'bukan' atau 'tidak' bagi tempoh masa 'Present Perfect tense'.

English	Melayu
Tom has not been a good doctor before he started losing his memory	Tom bukanlah merupakan seorang doktor yang bagus sebelum dia mula kehilangan ingatannya
He has not been a teacher for this school in these years	Dia bukan seorang guru sekolah ini selama ini
Before she learned English, she has not been able to speak that language	Sebelum dia belajar Inggeris, dia tidak boleh bercakap dalam bahasa itu
If he has not been Liverpool manager, he would have been manager for other club	Kalaulah dia bukan pengurus Liverpool, dia akan bekerja sebagai pengurus kelab lain
He has not been 5 years away from home	Dia belum 5 tahun tidak berada di rumah
I wish it has not been a reality but a dream	Saya harap itu itu bukan kenyataan tapi satu mimpi
At the expo, the price has not been cheaper	Di ekspo itu, harganya bukan lebih murah

Catitan :

- Dalam bahasa Melayu, perkataan 'sudah' mungkin di senyapkan, tapi, dalam bahasa Inggeris bila frasa 'has been' digunakan, ia bermakna satu hal 'present perfect tense'.
- 'Has not been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

5. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('gerund').

Ini adalah satu bentuk negatif.

Bentuk negatif bagi 'has not been' ialah juga 'has not been ('gerund').

Orang ramai tahu bahawa pihak polis belum memerhati pergerakan perompak itu

English	Melayu
The company has not been giving him the opportunity to study	Syarikat itu belum memberi dia peluang untuk belajar
People know that the police has not been monitoring the movement of the robber
The organiser has not been cancelling the program	Pihak penganjur belum membatalkan program itu
The army has not been using that type of bomb	Pihak tentera belum menggunakan jenis bom seperti itu
The police has not been catching Johan who has been seen for 2 days	Pihak polis belum menangkap Johan yang sudah dilihat selama 2 hari

Catitan :

- 'Has not been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'belum'.
- Kombinasi 'has not been + ('gerund')' bermakna 'belum (nama perbuatan)'.
- 'Has not been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

6. Struktur penggunaan : (Objek) + 'has not been' + ('past participle').

Ini adalah satu bentuk pasif.

Bentuk pasif negatif bagi 'has been ('past participle') ialah 'has not been ('past participle')' atau ringkasnya 'hasn't been ('past participle').

English	Melayu
I find it sad that you has not been given the luxury to study	Saya sedih sebab awak belum diberi peluang untuk belajar
People wish that Ghaddafi has not been killed	Orang ramai berharap Ghadafi (sudah) tidak dibunuh
What if the program has not been cancelled ?	Macamana kalau program itu belum dibatalkan ?
If the bomb has not been used...	Jika bom itu belum digunakan...
Johan who has not been seen for 3 days is found alive	Johan yang sudah tidak dilihat selama 3 hari telah dijumpai hidup

Catitan :

- 'Has not' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'belum' atau 'sudah tidak'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('past participle')' membawa bentuk 'pasif', iaitu bermakna 'di(pasif)'.

7. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has' + (objek) + 'been' + ('non-verb').

Ini adalah satu bentuk soalan aktif bagi 'non-verb'.

English	Melayu
Has she been your sister ?	Adakah dia adik awak ?
Has she been there ?	Adakah dia sudah berada disana ?
Has that been rude of me ?	Adakah itu bermakna saya sudah bersikap kasar ?
Has he been busy since last semester ?	Adakah dia sibuk semenjak semester lepas ?
Has that question been difficult ?	Adakah soalan itu susah ?
Has he been a soldier ?	Adakah dia seorang askar ?

Catitan :

- Dalam bentuk soalan, has sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'adakah (sudah)'.

8. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has' + (Objek) + 'been' + ('gerund').

Ini adalah satu bentuk soalan aktif menggunakan 'gerund'.

Aktif bagi 'has been' ialah juga 'has been ('gerund').

Adakah pihak polis sudah memerhati pergerakan perompak itu ?

English	Melayu
Has the company been giving him the opportunity to study ?	Adakah syarikat itu sudah memberi dia peluang untuk belajar ?
Has the police been monitoring the movement of the robber ?
Has the organiser been cancelling the program ?	Adakah pihak penganjur sudah membatalkan program itu ?
Has the army been using that type of bomb ?	Adakah pihak tentera sudah menggunakan jenis bom seperti itu ?
Has the police been catching Johan ?	Adakah pihak polis sudah menangkap Johan ?

Catitan :

- Dalam bentuk soalan, 'Has been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'adakah (objek) sudah'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('gerund')' bermakna 'sudah (nama perbuatan)'.
- 'Has been' digunakan oleh objek 'singular'.

9. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has' + (Objek) + 'been' + ('past participle').

Ini adalah satu bentuk soalan pasif.

Soalan pasif bagi 'has (objek) been' ialah 'has (objek) been ('past participle').

English	Melayu
Has he been given the opportunity to study ?	Adakah dia sudah diberi peluang untuk belajar ?
Has the murderer been caught ?	Adakah pembunuh itu sudah ditangkap ?
Has the program been cancelled ?	Adakah program itu sudah dibatalkan ?
Has that kind of bomb been used ?	Adakah bom jenis itu sudah digunakan ?
Has Johan been seen ?	Adakah Johan sudah dilihat ?

Catitan :

- 'Has (objek) been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'adakah (objek) sudah'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('past participle')' membawa bentuk 'pasif', iaitu bermakna 'di(pasif)'.
- 'Has' digunakan bagi objek 'singular'.

10. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has not' + (objek) + 'been' + ('non-verb').

Ini adalah sstu bentuk soalan negatif.

English	Melayu
Has not she been your sister ?	Adakah dia bukan adik awak ?
Has not he been there ?	Adakah dia belum berada disana ?
Has not that been rude of me ?	Adakah ini bermakna saya tidak bersikap kasar ?
Has not he been busy since last semester ?	Adakah dia tidak sibuk semenjak semester lepas ?
Has not that question been difficult ?	Bukankah soalan itu susah ?
Has not he been a Roman soldier ?	Bukankah dia seorang askar Rom ?

Catitan :

- Dalam bentuk soalan, 'has not' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'tidakkah (sudah), adakah tidak (sudah)'.

11. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has not' + (Objek) + 'been' + ('gerund').

Ini adalah satu bentuk soalan negatif.

Bentuk soalan negatif bagi 'has not (objek) been' ialah juga 'has not (objek) been ('gerund').

Adakah pihak polis belum memerhati pergerakan perompak itu ?

English	Melayu
Has not the company been giving him the opportunity to study ?	Adakah syarikat itu belum memberi dia peluang untuk belajar ?
Has not the police been monitoring the movement of the robber ?
Has not the organiser been cancelling the program ?	Adakah pihak penganjur belum membatalkan program itu ?
Has not the army been using that type of bomb ?	Adakah pihak tentera belum menggunakan jenis bom seperti itu ?
Has not the police been catching Johan who has been seen for 2 days ?	Adakah pihak polis belum menangkap Johan yang sudah dilihat selama 2 hari ?

Catitan :

- 'Has not (objek) been' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'adakah (objek) belum'.
- Kombinasi 'has not (objek) been + ('gerund')' bermakna 'adakah (objek) belum (nama perbuatan)'.
- 'Has not (objek) been' digunakan bagi objek 'singular'.

12. Struktur penggunaan : 'Has not' + (Objek) + 'been' + ('past participle').

Ini adalah satu bentuk soalan pasif negatif.

Bentuk soalan pasif negatif bagi '(objek) has not been ('past participle') ialah 'has not (objek) been ('past participle')' atau ringkasnya 'hasn't (objek) been ('past participle').

English	Melayu
Has not you been given the luxury to study ?	Adakah awak belum diberi peluang untuk belajar ?
Has not the robber been caught ?	Adakah perompak itu belum ditangkap ?
Has not the program been cancelled ?	Adakah program itu belum dibatalkan ?
Has not that type of bomb been used ?	Adakah bom jenis itu belum digunakan ?
Has not Johan been seen ?	Adakah Johan belum dilihat ?

Catitan :

- 'Has not(objek)' sesuai dimaksudkan sebagai 'Adakah (objek) belum' atau 'tidakkah (objek) belum'.
- Kombinasi 'been + ('past participle')' membawa bentuk 'pasif', iaitu bermakna 'di(pasif)'.

Ringkasan :

English

She has been ...

He has been ...

It has been ...

The teacher has been ...

.

She has not been ...

He has not been ...

It has not been ...

The teacher has not been ...

.