Sesetengah ejaan bagi semua perbuatan fizikal ('action verb') dan sesetengah perbuatan bukan fizikal ('non-action verb') itu berbeza daripada 'infinitive' (kata dasar)-nya bergantung kepada kombinasi perkara-perkara berikut :
1. Bentuk ('form').
2. Tense-nya (masa atau tempoh masa perbuatan itu berlaku).
3. Objek yang melakukan perbuatan itu samada 'I, You, singular' atau 'plural'.
Ringkasnya, ejaan sesuatu 'action verb' dan sesetengah 'non-action verb' itu bergantung kepada 3 perkara :
1. Bentuk perbuatan itu samada : Aktif, Negatif, Pasif, Negatif Pasif, Soalan aktif, Soalan negatif, Soalan pasif, Soalan negatif pasif.
2. Objek yang melakukan perbuatan itu, samada 'I, you, singular' atau 'plural'.
3. Masa/Tempoh Masa (tense) bilakah perbuatan itu berlaku samada 'Present tense', 'Present Perfect tense', 'Present Continuous tense', 'Present Perfect continuous', 'Past tense', 'Past Perfect tense', 'Past Continuous tense', 'Past Perfect Continuous tense', 'Future tense', 'Future Perfect tense', 'Future Continuous tense', 'Future Perfect Continuous tense'.
Contoh :
| English | Melayu | Catitan |
| I walk to school now | - | Salah, sebab 'infinitive' (perkataan asas) 'walk' tidak sesuai dengan 'tense' (masa) ia berlaku |
| I am walking to school now | Saya sedang berjalan ke sekolah sekarang | Betul, sebab perkataan dasar 'walk' telah ditukar kepada 'walking' dan ini sesuai dengan 'masa' ia berlaku (iaitu sedang berlaku sekarang) |
| She walk to school every day | - | Salah, sebab 'walk' adalah bentuk 'Present tense' bagi objek 'plural' sedangkan 'she' adalah bukan objek 'plural' tapi 'singular' |
| She walks to school every day | Dia berjalan ke sekolah setiap hari | Betul, sebab 'walks' (ada tambahan 's' pada ejaan) adalah bentuk 'Present tense' bagi objek 'singular' dimana 'she' adalah objek 'singular' |
Berikut ialah sebahagian senarai 'infinitive' (perkataan dasar) bagi 'verb' (perbuatan) dan ejaan yang berbeza dalam 'tense' tertentu :
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | English - Infinitive | Present tense - plural | Present tense - singular | Present Continuous tense | Present Perfect tense | Past tense | Past Continuous tense | Past Perfect tense | Future tense | Future Continuous tense | Future Perfect tense | Future Perfect Continuous tense |
| Jalan | Walk | Walk | Walks | Am/is/are walking | Has/have walked | Walked | Was/were walking | Had walked | Will walk | Will be walking | Will have walked | Will have been walking |
| Makan | Eat | Eat | Eats | Am/is/are eating | Has/have eaten | Ate | Was/were eating | Had eaten | Will eat | Will be eating | Will have eaten | Will have been eating |
| Lari | Run | Run | Runs | Am/is/are running | Has/have run | Ran | Was/were running | Had ran | Will run | Will be running | Will have run | Will have been running |
| Tidur | Sleep | Sleep | Sleeps | Am/is/are sleeping | Has/have slept | Sleept | Was/were sleeping | Had sleept | Will sleep | Will be sleeping | Will have slept | Will have been sleeping |
| Kerja | Work | Work | Works | Am/is/are working | Has/have worked | Worked | Was/were working | Had worked | Will work | Will be working | Will have worked | Will have been working |
| Ajar | Teach | Teach | Teaches | Am/is/are teaching | Has/have taught | Taught | Was/were teaching | Had taught | Will teach | Will be teaching | Will have taught | Will have been teaching |
| Pandu | Drive | Drive | Drives | Am/is/are driving | Has/have driven | Drove | Was/were driving | Had driven | Will drive | Will be driving | Will have driven | Will have been driving |
| Baca | Read | Read | Reads | Am/is/are reading | Has/have read | Read | Was/were reading | Had read | Will read | Will be reading | Will have read | Will have been reading |
| Dengar | Listen | Listen | Listens | Am/is/are listening | Has/have listened | Listened | Was/were listening | Had listened | Will listen | Will be listening | Will have listened | Will have been listening |
| Minum | Drink | Drink | Drinks | Am/is/are drinking | Has/have drunk | Drank | Was/were drinking | Had drunk | Will drink | Will be drinking | Will have drank | Will have been drinking |
Contoh :
| Perkataan dasar (Infinitive)/ 'Tense' | Objek | Contoh | Contoh struktur |
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Jalan | ||
| English - Infinitive | Walk | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Walk | (Objek) + walk |
| Present tense | Singular | Walks | (Objek) + walks |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am walking | (Objek) + am walking |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is walking | (Objek) + is walking |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are walking | (Objek) + are walking |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has walked | (Objek) + has walked |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have walked | (Objek) + have walked |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been walking | (Objek) + has been walking |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been walking | (Objek) + have been walking |
| Past tense | Semua | Walked | (Objek) + walked |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was walking | (Objek) + was walking |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were walking | (Objek) + were walking |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had walked | (Objek) + had walked |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been walking | (Objek) + had been walking |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will walk | (Objek) + will walk |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would walk | (Objek) + would walk |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be walking | (Objek) + will be walking |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be walking | (Objek) + would be walking |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have walked | (Objek) + will have walked |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have walked | (Objek) + would have walked |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been walking | (Objek) + will have been walking |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been walking | (Objek) + would have been walking |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Makan | ||
| English - Infinitive | Eat | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Eat | (Objek) + eat |
| Present tense | singular | Eats | (Objek) + eats |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am eating | (Objek) + am eating |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is eating | (Objek) + is eating |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are eating | (Objek) + are eating |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has eaten | (Objek) + has eaten |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have eaten | (Objek) + have eaten |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been eating | (Objek) + has been eating |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been eating | (Objek) + have been eating |
| Past tense | Semua | Ate | (Objek) + ate |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was eating | (Objek) + was eating |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were eating | (Objek) + were eating |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had eaten | (Objek) + had eaten |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been eating | (Objek) + had been eating |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will eat | (Objek) + will eat |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would eat | (Objek) + would eat |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be eating | (Objek) + will be eating |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be eating | (Objek) + would be eating |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have eaten | (Objek) + will have eaten |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have eaten | (Objek) + would have eaten |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been eating | (Objek) + will have been eating |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been eating | (Objek) + would have been eating |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | lari | ||
| English - Infinitive | run | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Run | (Objek) + run |
| Present tense | Singular | Runs | (Objek) + runs |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am running | (Objek) + am running |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is running | (Objek) + is running |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are running | (Objek) + are running |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has run | (Objek) + has run |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have run | (Objek) + have run |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been running | (Objek) + has been running |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been running | (Objek) + have been running |
| Past tense | Semua | Ran | (Objek) + ran |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was running | (Objek) + was running |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were running | (Objek) + were running |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had run | (Objek) + had run |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been running | (Objek) + had been running |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will run | (Objek) + will run |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would run | (Objek) + would run |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be running | (Objek) + will be running |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be running | (Objek) + would be running |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have run | (Objek) + will have run |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have run | (Objek) + would have run |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been running | (Objek) + will have been running |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been running | (objek) + would have been running |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Tidur | ||
| English - Infinitive | Sleep | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Sleep | (Objek) + sleep |
| Present tense | Singular | Sleeps | (Objek) + sleeps |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am sleeping | (Objek) + am + sleeping |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is sleeping | (Objek) + is + sleeping |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are sleeping | (Objek) + are + sleeping |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has slept | (Objek) + has slept |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have slept | (Objek) + have slept |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been sleeping | (Objek) + has been + sleeping |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been sleeping | (Objek) + have been + sleeping |
| Past tense | Semua | Slept | (Objek) + slept |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was sleeping | (Objek) + was + sleeping |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were sleeping | (Objek) + were + sleeping |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had sleept | (Objek) + had slept |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been sleeping | (Objek) + had been + sleeping |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will sleep | (Objek) + will + sleep |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would sleep | (Objek) + would + sleep |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be sleeping | (Objek) + will be + sleeping |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be sleeping | (Objek) + would be + sleeping |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have slept | (Objek) + will + have slept |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have slept | (Objek) + would + have slept |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been sleeping | (Objek) + will have been sleeping |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been sleeping | (Objek) + would have been sleeping |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | kerja | ||
| English - Infinitive | work | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Work | (Objek) + work |
| Present tense | Singular | Works | (Objek) + works |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am working | (Objek) + am + working |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is working | (Objek) + is + working |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are working | (Objek) + are + working |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has worked | (Objek) + has + worked |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have worked | (Objek) + have + worked |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been working | (Objek) + has been + working |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been working | (Objek) + have been + working |
| Past tense | Semua | Worked | (Objek) + worked |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was working | (Objek) + was + working |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were working | (Objek) + were + working |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had worked | (Objek) + had + worked |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will work | (Objek) + will + work |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would work | (Objek) + would + work |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be working | (Objek) + will be + working |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be working | (Objek) + would be + working |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have worked | (Objek) + will + have worked |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have worked | (Objek) + would + have worked |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been working | (Objek) + will + have been + working |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been working | (Objek) + would + have been + working |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Ajar | ||
| English - Infinitive | Teach | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Teach | (Objek) + teach |
| Present tense | Singular | Teaches | (Objek) + teaches |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am teaching | (Objek) + am teaching |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is teaching | (Objek) + is teaching |
| Present Continuous tense | Plural | Are teaching | (Objek) + are teaching |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has taught | (Objek) + has taught |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have taught | (Objek) + have taught |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been teaching | (Objek) + has been teaching |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been teaching | (Objek) + have been teaching |
| Past tense | Semua | Taught | (Objek) + taught |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was teaching | (Objek) + was teaching |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were teaching | (Objek) + were teaching |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had taught | (Objek) + had taught |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been teaching | (Objek) + had been teaching |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will teach | (Objek) + will + teach |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would teach | (Objek) + would + teach |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be teaching | (Objek) + will be + teaching |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be teaching | (Objek) + would be + teaching |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have taught | (Objek) + will + have taught |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have taught | (Objek) + would have taught |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been teaching | (Objek) + will + have been teaching |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been teaching | (Objek) + would + have been teaching |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Pandu | ||
| English - Infinitive | Drive | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Drive | (Objek) + drive |
| Present tense | Singular | Drives | (Objek) + drives |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am driving | (Objek) + am driving |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is driving | (Objek) + is driving |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are driving | (Objek) + are driving |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has driven | (Objek) + has driven |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have driven | (Objek) + have driven |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been driving | (Objek) + has been driving |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been driving | (Objek) + have been driving |
| Past tense | Semua | Drove | (Objek) + drove |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was driving | (Objek) + was driving |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were driving | (Objek) + were driving |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had driven | (Objek) + had driven |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been driving | (Objek) + had been driving |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will drive | (Objek) + will drive |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would drive | (Objek) + would drive |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be driving | (Objek) + will be driving |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be driving | (Objek) + would be driving |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have driven | (Objek) + will have driven |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have driven | (Objek) + would have driven |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been driving | (Objek) + will have been driving |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been driving | (Objek) + would have been driving |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | aca | ||
| English - Infinitive | Read | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Read | (Objek) + read |
| Present tense | Singular | Reads | (Objek) + reads |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am reading | (Objek) + am + reading |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is reading | (Objek) + is + reading |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are reading | (Objek) + are + reading |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has read | (Objek) + has + read |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have read | (Objek) + have + read |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been reading | (Objek) + has been + reading |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been reading | (Objek) + have been + reading |
| Past tense | Semua | Read | (Objek) + read |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was reading | (Objek) + was + reading |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were reading | (Objek) + were + reading |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had read | (Objek) + had + read |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will read | (Pbjek) + will + read |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would read | (Objek) + would + read |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be reading | (Objek) + will be + reading |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be reading | (Objek) + would be + reading |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have read | (Objek) + will have + read |
| Future perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have read | (Objek) + would have + read |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been reading | (Objek) + will have been + reading |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been reading | (Objek) + would have been + reading |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | dengar | ||
| English - Infinitive | Listen | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Listen | (Objek) + listen |
| Present tense | Singular | Listens | (Objek) + listens |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am listening | (Objek) + am + listening |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is listening | (Objek) + is + listening |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are listening | (Objek) + are + listening |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has listened | (Objek) + has + listened |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have listened | (Objek) + have + listened |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been listening | (Objek) + has been + listening |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been listening | (Objek) + have been + listening |
| Past tense | Semua | Listened | (Objek) + listened |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was listening | (Objek) + was + listening |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were listening | (Objek) + were + listening |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had listened | (Objek) + had + listened |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been listening | (Objek) + had been + listening |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will listen | (Objek) + will + listen |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would listen | (Objek) + would + listen |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be listening | (Objek) + will be + listening |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be listening | (Objek) + would be + listening |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have listened | (Objek) + will + have listened |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have listened | (Objek) + would + have listened |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been listening | (Objek) + will + have been + listening |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been listening | (Objek) + would + have been listening |
| . | |||
| Melayu - Perkataan dasar | Minum | ||
| English - Infinitive | Drink | ||
| Present tense | I, you, plural | Drink | (Objek) + drink |
| Present tense | Singular | Drinks | (Objek) + drinks |
| Present Continuous tense | I | Am drinking | (Objek) + am + drinking |
| Present Continuous tense | Singular | Is drinking | (Objek) + is + drinking |
| Present Continuous tense | You, plural | Are drinking | (Objek) + are + drinking |
| Present Perfect tense | Singular | Has drunk | (Objek) + has + drunk |
| Present Perfect tense | I, you, plural | Have drunk | (Objek) + have + drunk |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | Singular | Has been drinking | (Objek) + has been drinking |
| Present Perfect Continuous tense | I, you, plural | Have been drinking | (Objek) + have been drinking |
| Past tense | Semua | Drank | (Objek) + drank |
| Past Continuous tense | I, singular | Was drinking | (Objek) + was drinking |
| Past Continuous tense | You, plural | Were drinking | (Objek) + were drinking |
| Past Perfect tense | Semua | Had drunk | (Objek) + had drunk |
| Past Perfect Continuous tense | Semua | Had been drinking | (Objek) + had been drinking |
| Future tense - for the present | Semua | Will drink | (Objek) + will drink |
| Future tense - for the past | Semua | Would drink | (Objek) + would drink |
| Future Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will be drinking | (Objek) + will be drinking |
| Future Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would be drinking | (Objek) + would be drinking |
| Future Perfect tense - for the present | Semua | Will have drank | (Objek) + will have drank |
| Future Perfect tense - for the past | Semua | Would have drank | (Objek) + would have drank |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present | Semua | Will have been drinking | (Objek) + will have been drinking |
| Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past | Semua | Would have been drinking | (objek) + would have been drinking |
| . |
Catitan :
1. Terdapat beribu-ribu 'infinitive' (perkataan dasar) bagi 'action verb' (perbuatan fizikal). Oleh itu, rajin-rajinlah membaca sumber bacaan dalam bahasa Inggeris.
2. Contoh diatas melibatkan beberapa 'action verb'. Semua 'action verb' terbabit dengan semua 'tense'. Ada beberapa 'non-action verb' yang terbabit dengan semua 'tense' (Beberapa 'non-action verb' dilayan seperti 'action verb' berhubung dengan 'tense'). Ada beberapa 'non-action verb' yang terbabit dengan beberapa 'tense'(Beberapa 'non-action verb' dilayan seperti 'non-verb' berhubung dengan 'tense'). Ada beberapa 'non-verb' yang terbabit dengan beberapa 'tense'.
5 comments:
She walks to school everyday
they walk to pub everynight
they walk to pub everynight
The sentence by TopiJerami90 is correct.
The sentence by Anonymous 106 is correct.
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