Membezakan 'Gerund' atau 'Present Participle'
Dalam bahasa Inggeris terdapat istilah 'Gerund' dan istilah 'Present Participle'.
'Gerund' bermakna 'nama perbuatan', seperti 'playing' (bermain), 'running' (berlari), 'crawling' (merangkak)', dsb.
'Present Participle' adalah struktur perkataan yang apabila digunakan akan menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu perbuatan itu 'sedang dilakukan' ('continuous tense'), seperti 'is playing' (sedang bermain), 'are running' (sedang berlari), 'was crawling' (sedang merangkak), dsb.
Kedua-dua 'gerund' dan 'present participle' mempunyai kesamaan iaitu perkataan-perkataannya berakhir dengan 'ing'. Hanya penggunaannya yang berbeza.
'Present Participle' mesti didahului oleh salah satu perkataan 'am/is/are/was/were/has been/have been/had been' bergantung kepada kesesuaian 'tense'-nya (Ada hubungan antara 'present participle' dengan 'tense'). 'Gerund' berdiri sendiri dan tidak perlu didahului oleh samada 'am/is/are/was/were' dsb (Tiada hubungan antara 'gerund' dengan 'tense').
Berikut ialah beberapa 'tense' yang menggunakan 'Present Participle' :
'Present Continuous tense' - contohnya : 'I am playing'. 'He is playing'. 'They are playing'.
'Present Perfect Continuous tense' - contohnya : 'He has been playing'. 'They have been playing'.
'Past Continuous tense' - contohnya : 'I was playing'. 'They were playing'.
'Past Perfect Continuous tense' - contohnya : 'I had been playing'.
'Future Continuous tense' - contohnya : 'I will be playing'.
'Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the present' - contohnya : 'I will have been playing'.
'Future Perfect Continuous tense - for the past' - contohnya : 'I would have been playing'.
Banyak 'infinitive' (perkataan dasar) yang tidak boleh dijadikan 'Present Participle' tapi boleh dijadikan 'Gerund'. Perkataan dasar ('infinitive') bagi perbuatan ('verb') yang tidak boleh dijadikan 'present participle' dipanggil 'stative verb' (atau dipanggil juga 'non-action verb'). Beberapa contoh :
love - Infinitive.
I am loving you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been loving you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Loving you is my priority - (Betul) - Gerund.
I love you - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Exist - Infinitive.
It is existing in my mind - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
It has been existing in my mind - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Existing plan is good. - (Betul) - Gerund.
It exists in my mind. - (Betul) - (Betul, kerana 'exists' ialah 'non-action verb').
Hate - Infinitive.
I am hating you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been hating you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Hating with no reason - (Betul) - Gerund.
I hate you - (Betul). (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Know - Infinitive.
I am knowing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been knowing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Knowing you is very beneficial - (Betul) - Gerund.
I know you - (Betul). - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Understand - Infinitive.
I am understanding you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been understanding you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Understanding math is important - (Betul) - Gerund.
I understand you - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Owe - Infinitive.
I am owing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been owing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
My owing from you is RM300 - (Betul) - Gerund.
I owe you - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Possess - Infinitive.
I am possessing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been possessing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Possessing illegal drugs is an offence - (Betul) - Gerund.
I possess your wallet - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Be - Infinitive.
I am being you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been being you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
I like to being you - (Betul) - Gerund.
If I were you - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Belong - Infinitive.
You are belonging to me - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
You have been belonging to me - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Those are my belonging - (Betul) - Gerund.
You belong to me - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Contain - Infinitive.
This box is containing pencils - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
This box has been containing pencils - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Containing devils - (Betul) - Gerund.
This box contains pencils - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Equal - Infinitive.
He is equalling you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
He has been equalling you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
At this minute, equalling the score is difficult - (Betul) - Gerund.
One plus one equals two - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Resemble - Infinitive.
He is resembling you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
He has been resemblung you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Resembling her sister - (Betul) - Gerund.
He resembles you - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Tend - Infinitive.
He is tending to sleep in the class - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
He has been tending - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Tending to sleep in the classroom - (Betul) - Gerund.
He tends to sleep in the class (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Perceive - Infinitive.
I am perceiving you as good girl - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been perceiving you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Perceiving others requires good judgement - (Betul) - Gerund.
I perceive you as good girl - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Suppose - Infinitive.
I am supposing - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been supposing to read - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Supposing it is raining in Ipoh - (Betul) - Gerund.
I suppose ... - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Believe - Infinitive.
I am believing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been believing you - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
She was right in believing that a reason for the scene should exist - (Betul) - Gerund.
I believe ... - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Decide - Infinitive.
I am deciding now - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been deciding to go - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
You can hesitate before deciding, but not once the decision is made - (Betul) - Gerund.
I decide ... - (Betul). - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Conclude - Infinitive.
I am concluding - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been concluding - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
To end the article, you have to put concluding statement - (Betul) - Gerund.
I conclude ... - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Prefer - Infinitive.
I am preferring this - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been preferring this - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
During his first trip, he hardly slept, preferring headphones to his pillow - (Betul) - Gerund.
I prefer ... - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Like - Infinitive.
I am liking this cake - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
I have been liking this cake - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
The show may be not to your liking - (Betul) - Gerund.
I like this cake - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
Seem - Infinitive.
You are seeming happy - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Continuous tense'.
You have been seemung happy - (Salah) - Kononnya 'Present Perfect Continuous tense'.
Seeming discrepancies have been resolved - (Betul) - Gerund.
You seem happy - (Betul) - (Betul bagi 'non-action verb').
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